2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（三十八）

2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（三十八）

　　考博英语阅读理解题型想要获得高分平日的练习必不可少，新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了100篇考博英语阅读理解模拟练习题，希望考博生们做题时注意时间，认真对待，题后有详细的答案解析。

Galvanized by the April tragedy at Virginia Tech, in whichSeung Hui Cho killed 32 students and faculty members and then committedsuicide, colleges and universities around the country are urgently taking stockof the reach and effectiveness of their mental-health services. The goal is notjust to avoid another catastrophe caused by a deeply troubled student who fellthrough the cracks. It's also to face up to the needs of today's students, whoincreasingly struggle with eating disorders, schizophrenia, bipolardisorder, and depression. The rate of depression among college students hasdoubled in just 15 years; last year, some 45 percent of all students saidthey've sometimes felt too depressed to function, according to an annual surveyby the American College Health Association. Nine percent of college studentsseriously considered suicide.

"Some of the key questions that Virginia Techhas brought out are: When do you recognize that a student's having seriousproblems? What steps do you take, and how do you coordinate care?" saysRichard Kadison, director of mental-health services at Harvard Universityand author of College of the Overwhelmed. Last week, Kadison and other campuspsychiatrists from across the country gathered in Washington, D.C.,to map out a better way to meet the demand.

Many schools are finding that change will be asignificant challenge. About 65 percent of campus counseling centers stillhave no relationship with the health center, for example, making it difficultto manage illnesses that require medication. Just 59 percent have a psychiatristavailable.

And the funds necessary to add expertise can behard to find. Days after the Virginia Tech slayings, Florida public university administratorsasked for $3.5 million to hire more psychologists and campus police officersand to set up interdisciplinary teams that would identify troubled students.The Legislature denied the request. The ratio of counselors to students at the University of South Florida is 1 to 3,500; at Cornell,there's a counselor for every 800 students. Experts say that parents shouldcheck out the mental-health resources when they send their child to school andmake sure that the counseling office is aware of any history. "Continuityof care is really important, so that people don't fall through the cracks and haveunnecessary stresses and strains," says Jerald Kay, chair of psychiatry atWright State University Medical School.

The thrust of the movement at institutions in thelead has been to redouble efforts to identify students in need of help and thenmake that help available. Some, like Cornell and Wisconsin, are adding counseling offices indorms and academic buildings so students have ready access; Cornell has twocounselors on staff whose sole job is to talk with faculty and staff and pickup the first inklings of trouble. The University of Illinoisrequires anyone who threatens or attempts suicide to have a four-sessionmental-health evaluation. And early-warning systems that involve the entireuniversity community are a priority on many campuses. At Rensselaer PolytechnicInstitute in Troy, N.Y., for example, faculty and staff can log concerns aboutacademic problems or behavioral issues on a website, which is monitored by anintervention team of representatives from the dean's office, faculty, housingstaff, campus police, and counseling center. The team meets regularly todecide on an appropriate response.

　　1. The word “galvanized” (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____

　　[A] encouraged.

　　[B] warned.

　　[C] stimulated.

　　[D] inspired.

　　2. Seung Hui Cho committed a serious crime because_____

　　[A] he felt bitter since the university failed to provide him with qualified mental service to tackle his depression.

　　[B] he was deeply trouble by the April tragedy at Virginia Tech.

　　[C] he suffered from severe mental disorder and finally collapsed down.

　　[D] he was deeply troubled by the cracks that he fell through.

　　3. The change will be a challenge for many schools because_____

　　[A] the number of students who declare that they are struggling with depression far exceeds the schools’ estimate.

　　[B] most of them are short of resources supplying counseling service.

　　[C] the Legistrate do not encourage them to change the present status.

　　[D] students’ mental problems are usually too subtle to manage and control.

　　4.The ratios of counselors to students mentioned in the fourth paragraph implies that_____

　　[A] the government have not provided enough funds for mental health on campus.

　　[B] students of the University of South Florida are not seriously mentally troubled as those of Cornell.

　　[C] mental-health resources of University of South Florida are not so good as those of Cornell.

　　[D] it is necessary for the University of South Florida to improve its mental-health services.

　　5. Which one of the following measures is NOT taken by institutions to solve the problem?

　　[A] More counseling centers are set up in schools and the access to them is much easier.

　　[B] Websites are established for students to release their depression and report anonymously their own problems.

　　[C] More psychiatrists are available for students.

　　[D] Precautionary systems are launched in many universities and are given significant emphasis.

　　文章剖析：

　　这篇文章介绍了美国大学为防止学生心理问题所采取的一些措施。第一段介绍弗吉尼亚科技学院的一起惨案引发了全国大学对学生心理健康的关注;第二段讲述许多精神病专家聚集起来寻找解决方法;第三、四段讲述目前学校在解决该方面问题面临的困难。第五段讲述大学目前已经采取的一些措施。

　　词汇注释：

　　galvanize v. 刺激，激励 schizophrenia n. 精神分裂症

　　bipolar adj. 双极的 slay v 杀戮

　　inkling n. 细微的迹象

　　难句突破：

　　(1) About 65 percent of campus counseling centers still have no relationship with the health center, for example, making it difficult to manage illnesses that require medication.

　　[主体句式] Counseling centers have no relationship…,making …

　　[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，后面的伴随状语主语为整个主句。

　　[句子译文] 比如，大约65%的学校咨询服务中心和健康中心之间没有联系，这使得控制需要药物治疗的疾病非常困难。

　　(2) At Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., for example, faculty and staff can log concerns about academic problems or behavioral issues on a website, which is monitored by an intervention team of representatives from the dean's office, faculty, housing staff, campus police, and counseling center.

　　[主体句式] Faculty and staff can log concerns on a website…

　　[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，后面which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰前面的website。

　　[句子译文] 比如，在纽约州特罗伊的Rensselaer工学院，全体教职员工可以将学术和行为问题放在网站上，该网站由院长办公室、教职员工、住宅职员、校园警察和咨询中心的代表组成的干涉小组来监控。

　　题目分析：

　　1. The word “galvanized” (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____1. “galvanized” (第一段第一行)最有可能得意思是_____

　　[A] encouraged.[A] 受到鼓励。

　　[B] warned.[B] 受到警告。

　　[C] stimulated.[C] 受到刺激。

　　[D] inspired.[D] 受到激发。

　　[答案]C

　　[难度系数] ☆☆

　　[分析] 猜词题。根据上下文，全国的大学都迫切审视自己心理服务的范围和效果，这是因为弗吉尼亚科技学院四月份发生了一起惨案，Seung Hui Cho杀死了32名学生和教师，然后自杀了。那么，这些大学显然是以前没有对这方面关注，现在这起事故对其实一个刺激，选项中C最为契合。

　　2. Seung Hui Cho committed a serious crime because_____2. Seung Hui Cho犯下如此大的罪行是因为_____

　　[A] he felt bitter since the university failed to provide him with qualified mental service to tackle his depression.[A] 因为学校没有为他提供合格的服务来治疗他的抑郁，使他心中怨恨。

　　[B] he was deeply trouble by the April tragedy at Virginia Tech.[B] 他受到弗吉尼亚科技学院惨案的影响。

　　[C] he suffered from severe mental disorder and finally collapsed down.[C] 他受到精神失常的困扰，并最终精神崩溃。

　　[D] he was deeply troubled by the cracks he fell through.[D] 他受到自己精神崩溃的深深困扰。

　　[答案]C

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

　　[分析]推理题。根据文章第一段，在Seung事件结束后，各学校纷纷审视自己对学生精神问题的监督上，可以推断，凶手是因为自己精神除了问题才导致这起事故的。因此，选项中C最为符合题意。A选项显然没有正确地指明Seung犯罪的根本原因。B也是明显错误，因为他本身就是弗吉尼亚科技学院惨案的主角。D选项则是颠倒了因果关系，也是错误选项。

　　3. The change will be a challenge for many schools because_____3. 对于许多学校来说这种变化是一个挑战，这是因为_____

　　[A] the number of students who declare that they are struggling with depression far exceeds the school’s estimate.[A]那些承认他们情绪受到压抑的学生人数远远超过了学校的预期。

　　[B] most of them are short of resources supplying counseling service.[B] 学校十分缺乏提供咨询服务的资源。

　　[C] the Legistrate do not encourage them to change the present status.[C]立法机构不鼓励他们改变目前的状况。

　　[D] students’ mental problems are usually too subtle to manage and control.[D]一般来说学生们的精神问题都非常微妙，很难管理和控制。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析]细节题。第三段一开头就指出这种变化对于许多学校来说都是一种挑战，而提到的变化联系上下文可以看出是要改变目前心理咨询的现状。第三段紧接着提到了一个例子，就是许多学校没有心理咨询服务。那么可以看出，主要是因为目前咨询服务十分薄弱，所以才是一个挑战。因此，B选项为正确答案。

　　4.The ratios of counselors to students mentioned in the fourth paragraph implies that_____4.第四段中提到的咨询师和学生的比率意味着_____

　　[A] the government have not provided enough funds for mental health on campus.[A] 政府不能为学校心理健康提供足够的资金。

　　[B] students of the University of South Florida are not seriously mentally troubled as those of Cornell.[B] 南佛罗里达大学的学生心理健康存在的问题没有康奈尔大学的学生问题严重。

　　[C] mental-health resources of University of South Florida are not so good as those of Cornell.[C] 南佛罗里达大学的心理健康资源没有康乃尔大学的好。

　　[D] it is necessary for the University of South Florida to improve its mental-health services.[D] 南佛罗里达大学有必要改善自己的心理健康服务。

　　[答案] D

　　[难度系数] ☆

　　[分析] 推理题。根据上下文，提出这个比率之前是提到了佛罗里达申请资金被立法机构否定的情况，而马上提到南佛罗里达州大学顾问与学生的比率和康奈尔大学的比率比较，可以看出南佛罗里达州大学确实需要更多的精神病医师，其服务需要改善。因此，选项D是正确答案。

　　5. Which one of the following measures is NOT taken by institutions to solve the problem?5.下列哪项措施不是学校为了解决该问题而采取的?

　　[A] More consunseling centers are set up in schools and the access to them is much easier.[A] 学校成立了更多的咨询中心使学生们能够更加容易地得到相关服务。

　　[B] Websites are established for students to release their depression and report anonymously their own problems.[B] 为学生建立了许多网站来舒缓他们的消沉情绪、使他们能够匿名报告他们的问题。

　　[C] More psychiatrists are available for students.[C] 有更多的精神病医师可以为学生服务。

　　[D] Precautionary systems are launched in many universities and are given significant emphasis.[D] 许多大学已经设立了预防系统并给与了足够的重视。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。文章最后一段讲述了学校采取的一些措施，选项A，文章提到了一些学校增加了咨询办公室;选项B，文章提到的网站是供学生和教员发现一些学院问题和行为问题后放在网站上，该网站由院长办公室、教职员工、住宅职员、校园警察和咨询中心的代表组成的干涉小组来监控。该网站不是让学生舒缓消沉情绪的，文章中也没有提到是否匿名，因此该陈述不正确。C, 也提到了这一点。D，最后一段提到了涉及到整个大学团体的早期警告系统在许多学校都是优先的，因此，该选项也是正确的。B选项为正确答案。

　　参考译文：

　　弗吉尼亚科技学院四月份发生了一起惨案，Seung Hui Cho杀死了32名学生和教师，然后自杀。该惨案的教训使得全国的学院和大学都迫切审视本校提供的心理服务的范围和效果。这样做不仅是为了避免再次发生精神混乱的学生引起的惨案，也是为了应对目前学生的需求，特别是那些有饮食混乱、精神分裂症、双重混乱和消沉的学生。根据美国校园健康协会的年度调查，在15年内大学学生消沉的比率翻了倍，去年大约45%的学生称他们感觉过于压抑而无法正常生活。9%的大学学生曾认真考虑过自杀。

　　“弗吉尼亚科技学院引发得主要问题是：你什么时候能辨认出学生有严重问题?你会采取什么措施，你如何调整对他的关照?” 哈佛大学心理服务中心主任即the Overwhelmed大学创立者Richard Kadison说道。上周，Kadison和来自全国其他学院的精神病专家齐聚在华盛顿特区，希望可以找到满足这种需求的更好方法。

　　许多学校发现这种变化是一个非常大的挑战。比如，大约65%的学校咨询服务中心和健康中心之间没有联系，这使得控制需要药物治疗的疾病非常困难。只有59%的学校拥有一个精神病医师。

　　提高专业技术所需要的资金也很难找到。弗吉尼亚科技学院惨案发生后没几天,佛罗里达大学管理层申请350万美元用于雇佣更多的精神病医师和校园警官，并建立跨学科团队以便更好地发现有问题的学生。立法机构否决了这一申请。南佛罗里达大学顾问和学生的比率为1比3500;在康耐尔大学，每800名学生有1位顾问。专家称家长应当在送孩子上学时应考察学校的心理卫生资源，确保咨询部门知道每个学生的历史。“持续关心是非常重要的，这样可以确保学生不会有严重的问题，不会有不必要的压力和紧张。”赖特州立大学医学院精神病学主席Jerald Kay这样说。

　　一些带头开展行动的机构的是要加倍努力发现需要帮助的学生，并随时提供帮助。一些学院，如康耐尔和威斯康星大学在宿舍和学院大楼中都增加了咨询办公室，使学生可以随时可以咨询。康奈尔有两个顾问，其主要工作是与教员交谈，以找出问题的最先迹象。伊利诺斯大学要求那些可能或试图自杀的学生参加长达四个学期的心理健康评估。涉及到整所大学的预警系统在许多学校都是优先的。比如，在纽约州特罗伊的Rensselaer工学院，全体教职员工可以将学术和行为问题放在网站上，该网站由院长办公室、教职员工、住宅职员、校园警察和咨询中心的代表组成的干涉小组来监控。该小组会定期会面，以给出适当的回应。

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