2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（四十）

2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（四十）

　　考博英语阅读理解题型想要获得高分平日的练习必不可少，新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了100篇考博英语阅读理解模拟练习题，希望考博生们做题时注意时间，认真对待，题后有详细的答案解析。

Back in 2000, Steve Ballmer, Microsoft's chiefexecutive, described a grand vision for the future of health care. One day,he said, everyone would have a secure and private website on the internet onwhich their doctors could post their “scans, lab results, test results, visitminutes”, and to which the owner could grant certain people access, to viewsome or all of that information. His ideas met with guffaws from theold lags of the industry, who have seen many fancy schemes for electronicmedical records fall flat.America'shealth sector is simply too balkanised and too paper-based to stitchtogether easily in digital form. Even Mr Ballmer conceded back then that he wassearching for the “holy grail” of healthcare.

And yet, after years of frustration and furiousdevelopment work, Microsoft now believes it has realised Mr Ballmer's dream. OnOctober 4th, the software giant was poised to unveil its newhealth-information product at a big event in Washington, DC.It is called the Health Vault, in keeping with Microsoft's promise to makestoring data on the internet just as secure as keeping it in a bank. HealthVault will store all its customers' health data, ranging from test results todoctors' reports to daily measurements of weight or blood pressure, online.Individuals then have access to those records anytime, anywhere, via theinternet—a great boon for those who travel a lot. Medical offices andhospitals who sign up for the service could easily send test results in digitalform to the vault, and patients could authorise them in turn to have access tovarious, carefully circumscribedbits of their personal data.

Microsoft was also set to announce this week thatseveral dozen manufacturers, hospitals and charities have signed up for HealthVault. Big names including the American heart, diabetes and lungassociations, the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, and Omron and TexasInstruments, in addition to various firms devoted to the craze for “wellness”,are all now on board, and are expected to announce products and servicesshortly. If the software giant has really found a hacker-proof way ofstoring records online, then the benefits of Health Vault are clear. But use ofthe vaults will be free both for the individuals that sign up for them and forthe vendors and doctors that provide services based on the information theycontain. So how will Microsoft make any money?

Sean Nolan of Microsoft explains that the businessmodel depends on one thing: targeted search. Microsoft is betting that peoplewill use its Health Vault Search to find out about their ailments. Thisservice relies on an approach known as “vertical search” which attempts toprovide more relevant results than generalist search engines like Google andYahoo! by specialising in a particular field. The firm's recent acquisition ofMedstory, a vertical-search engine focusing on health care, has given it aboost in this area.

HealthVault's search engine would definitely work better than those of rival sites ifit could examine users' health records and past queries, and thus provide theresponses that are most relevant to each individual's situation. But in orderto attract any users in the first place, Microsoft has promised to enforcestrict privacy rules. These would preclude such data-mining.

　　1. The old lags of the industry did not think highly of Ballmer’s scheme because_____

　　[A] Ballmer’s scheme sounded too fantastic and far-fetched to be true.

　　[B] Balmer lacked technology proof to back up his ideas.

　　[C] They had witnessed too many failures of attempts to realize such schemes.

　　[D] America’s health sector is too stubborn and is reluctant to change for the digital.

　　2. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Health Vault?

　　[A] Individuals can have access to the medical records of anybody anytime via the internet.

　　[B] Those who travel a lot will greatly benefit from services of Health Vault.

　　[C] Hospitals who sign up for the service could improve their efficiency by Health Vault.

　　[D] Health Vault is a software invented by Microsoft.

　　3. The main problem of Health Vault faces is _____

　　[A] that it will be difficult for Vault to make profit during the beginning phase.

　　[B] that the software may be trapped in the dilemma of customer privacy and convenient data search.

　　[C] that it has to adopt the “vertical search” which is not the company’s strength.

　　[D] that Microsoft does not have powerful search engines as Google and Yahoo! Do.

　　4. Microsoft will make money in Health Vault by_____

　　[A] attracting customers with the enforcement of strict privacy rules.

　　[B] providing a charging platform for the communication of patients and hospitals.

　　[C] cooperating with big hospitals and charities by providing useful customer information.

　　[D] providing highly specialized service with high efficiency.

　　5. Compared with Google and Yahoo, the advantage of Health Vault Search is_____

　　[A] that its technology far advanced that of the other two.

　　[B] that it is more effective for those who need a special aspect of information.

　　[C] that it specializes on the information of ailment diagnosis.

　　[D] that its business model is more promising and profitable.

　　文章剖析：

　　这篇文章介绍了微软医疗保健软件“健康库”。文章第一段讲述微软Ballmer2000年提到的一种健康记录方案;第二段讲述了微软实现了自己的设想——“健康库”;第三段讲述目前健康库使用情况;第四、五段讲述微软主要利用建立搜索引擎来盈利。

　　词汇注释：

　　guffaw n. 哄笑 balkanise v. 使割据

　　poised adj. 泰然自若地 boon n. 福利

　　circumscribe v. 确定、限制 ailment n. 疾病

　　难句突破：

　　(1) One day, he said, everyone would have a secure and private website on the internet on which their doctors could post their “scans, lab results, test results, visit minutes”, and to which the owner could grant certain people access, to view some or all of that information.

　　[主体句式] He said everyone would have a websit on which…and to which…

　　[结构分析]这是一个简单句，在宾语从句中，两个引导which的定语从句都用来修饰website;在which引导的后一个定语从句中，to view …是目的状语。

　　[句子译文] 他说，有那么一天，每个人在互联网上都会拥有安全的私人网站，医生可以将他们的“扫描图、化验结果、检查结果、来访时间”等信息贴在网站上，而用户自己也可以赋予某些人访问权利，使他们可以看到部分或全部信息。

　　(2) Big names including the American heart, diabetes and lung associations, the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, and Omron and Texas Instruments, in addition to various firms devoted to the craze for “wellness”, are all now on board, and are expected to announce products and services shortly.

　　[主体句式] Big names are all now on board and are…

　　[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，由两个并列的谓语。主语中，including…和in addition to…都是big names的定语。

　　[句子译文] 除了全力追求“健康”狂热的各种公司外，一些有名的机构如美国心脏、糖尿病、肺部协会，纽约长老会医院、欧姆龙和德克萨斯器械公司现在都是榜上有名，近期有望宣布其产品和服务。

　　题目分析：

　　1.The old lags of the industry did not think highly of Ballmer’s scheme because_____1.该行业老古董们并不看好Ballmer的方案是因为_____

　　[A] Ballmer’s scheme sounded too fantastic and far-fetched to be true.[A]Ballmer的方案听起来过于奇异和遥远，不像是真的。

　　[B] Balmer lacked technology proof to back up his ideas.[B] Balmer缺乏足够的技术证据来证明他的想法。

　　[C] They had witnessed too many failures of attempts to realize such schemes.[C]他们已经目睹了太多类似的方案都失败了。

　　[D] America’s health sector is too stubborn and is reluctant to change for the digital.[D] 美国医疗部门过于顽固，不愿意改用数字技术。

　　[答案]C

　　[难度系数] ☆☆

　　[分析]细节题。第一段提到该行业老古董们耻笑他的设想，因为他们看到过许多新的电子健康纪录方案都失败了。A选项是那些行业老古董们对这个方案的直接想法，而不是不看好的真正原因。B是错误的，因为在文章第一段Ballmer也谈到了一些技术上的实施。而D选项的相关内容文章则没有提及，属干扰喧响。因此，C选项是该题的正确答案。

　　2. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Health Vault?2.关于“健康库”，下列哪个陈述是不正确的?

　　[A] Individuals can have access to the medical records of anybody anytime via the internet.[A]个人可以通过因特网在任何时间看到任何人的医疗记录。

　　[B] Those who travel a lot will greatly benefit from services of Health Vault.[B]经常旅行的人会极大受益于“健康库”。

　　[C] Hospitals who sign up for the service could improve their efficiency by Health Vault.[C]签约了该服务的医院可以通过“健康库”改进其效率。

　　[D] Health Vault is a software invented by Microsoft.[D] “健康库” 是微软做的一个软件。

　　[答案]A

　　[难度系数] ☆

　　[分析] 细节题。选项A, 第二段指出，个人可以随时、随地在网上看到自己的纪录，别人的记录是不能随便看的;B，第二段这对于经常旅行的人是个福音，他们会受益;C，第二段提到签约医院可以以电子形式发到库中，病人也可以让医院查看自己的数据，这样效率肯定会大大增加;D，由第二段微软的宣告中可以看出这是微软研制的软件。因此，A是正确答案。

　　3. The main problem of Health Vault faces is _____3. 健康库最主要的问题在于_____

　　[A] that it will be difficult for Vault to make profit during the beginning phase.[A] Vault在开始阶段很难盈利。

　　[B] that the software may be trapped in the dilemma of customer privacy and convenient data search.[B] 该软件容易陷入如何保护客户隐私和进行方便数据搜索的两难境地。

　　[C] that it has to adopt the “vertical search” which is not the company’s strength.[C] 该系统需要使用“垂直搜索”，但这项技术不是公司的强项。。

　　[D] that Microsoft does not have powerful search engines as Google and Yahoo! do.[D] 微软没有像谷歌和雅虎那样强大的搜索引擎。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析]推理题。A选项，文章第三段最后提到了Vault如何盈利的问题，但是没有明确说明这个系统在哪个阶段会赚钱、哪个阶段不会赚钱等。C选项，文章最后第二段提到了微软购买了Medstory公司，这家公司擅长“垂直搜索”引擎，因为微软在技术上应该没有问题，同时D选项也是错误的。B选项是正确答案，因为文章最后一段指出了“‘健康库’搜索引擎如果可以查看用户的健康记录和历史询问的话，就一定会比其对手网站运行的更好，也可以根据各人的情况提供最接近的答复。但是为了吸引用户，微软承诺遵守严格的隐私规范”，因此这暗示了有这种两难境地的危险。

　　4. Microsoft will make money in Health Vault by_____4. 微软通过_____在健康库上赚钱。

　　[A] attracting the customers by the enforcement of strict privacy rules.[A] 通过实施严格的隐私保护条例来吸引客户

　　[B] providing a charging platform for the communication of patients and hospitals.[B] 向顾客提供一个收费的平台，使病人和医院能在这个平台上交流

　　[C] cooperating with big hospitals and charities by providing useful customer information.[C] 与大的医院和慈善机构合作，向其提供客户信息

　　[D] providing highly specialized service with high efficiency.[D]以高效的方式提供专业化的服务

　　[答案] D

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。文章第三段末尾提到，健康库给病人和医生都是免费查阅的，那么微软靠什么来赚钱呢，第四段就提出建立一个医学方面的专业引擎，通过该引擎来赚钱，而且该引擎只专注于某一个方面，因此更加的高效。因此，D选项为正确答案。A选项不是微软赚钱的方法，B选项错误，在文章中没有提到一个收费的平台。C选项的内容在文章中也没有明确提及。

　　5. Compared with Google and Yahoo, the advantage of Health Vault Search is_____5.和谷歌和雅虎比较，健康库搜索的优势在于___

　　[A] that its technology far advances that of the other two.[A] 它的技术比其他两家更加先进。

　　[B] that it is more effective for those who need a special aspect of information.[B] 在搜索一个专门领域方面更加有效。

　　[C] that it specialize on the information of ailment diagnosis.[C] 专注于提供疾病诊断的信息。

　　[D] that its business model is more promising and profitable.[D] 它的商业模式更加有前景和盈利能力。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。第四段提到，健康库可以提供比谷歌、雅虎等通用引擎更为接近的相关结果，该引擎限定于某一专业领域。因此，该引擎的优势就在于更为专业。因此，只有B选项更为符合题意。C选项是对“健康库”的狭义理解，其实还可以做更多事情。A和D选项在文章中都没有提及，属于干扰选项。

　　参考分析：

　　早在2000年, 微软的首席执行官Steve Ballmer就未来医疗保健描绘了一幅灿烂的前景图。他说，有那么一天，每个人在互联网上都会拥有安全的私人网站，医生可以将他们的“扫描图、化验结果、检查结果、来访时间”等信息贴在网站上，而用户自己也可以赋予某些人访问权利，使他们可以看到部分或全部信息。他的想法却被该行业的老古董们所耻笑，这些老古董亲眼目睹过许多电子健康记录方案的失败。美国卫生机构过于分散且工作都在纸上进行，要以电子形式将其连接起来实在不容易。甚至Ballmer先生也有所退缩，他觉得自己是在寻找医疗保健的“圣杯”。

　　但是，经过了数年的挫折和飞快的发展，微软现在相信自己已经实现了Ballmer先生的梦想。10月4日，这个软件巨子在华盛顿特区一次大型活动上，平静地揭开了卫生信息新产品的面纱。该产品名为“健康库”，兑现了微软关于放在因特网上的数据就像放在银行中一样安全的承诺。“健康库”会储存所有客户的健康数据，包括检查结果、医生报告日常体重测量或血压测量等。个人可以随时随地在网上看到这些记录，这对于那些经常旅行的人来说是个福音。签约该服务的卫生机构和医院可以轻松地将检查结果以电子形式发到数据库，病人们也可以允许医院察看这些多样的、精心确定的私人数据。

　　微软本周还宣布有几十个厂商、医院和慈善团体已经签订了“健康库”。除了全力追求“健康”狂热的各种公司外，一些有名的机构如美国心脏、糖尿病、肺部协会，纽约长老会医院、欧姆龙和德克萨斯器械公司现在都是榜上有名，近期有望宣布其产品和服务。如果软件巨子真正找到了在线储存记录的防黑客技术，那么“健康库”的好处就显而易见了。但是注册的个人用户和基于网上信息提供服务的卖家和医生都可以免费使用健康库。那么，微软如何赚钱呢?

　　微软的Sean Nolan解释说这种商业模式取决于一点：目标搜索。微软相信人们会使用其“健康库搜索”来找到与他们疾病相关的内容。该服务依赖于一种名为“垂直搜索”的方法，该方法限定于某一专业领域，试图提供比谷歌、雅虎等通用搜索引擎更为接近的相关结果。

　　“健康库”搜索引擎如果可以查看用户的健康记录和历史询问的话，就一定会比其对手网站运行得更好，也可以根据个人的不同情况提供最接近的答复。但是为了吸引用户，微软承诺遵守严格的隐私规范。这些将预示了数据挖掘。

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