南京林业大学往年考博英语样题

2015-07-31 17:25:00来源：网络

　　Passage 6

　　Recent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry-salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women’s market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several actors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is that women are concentrated on occupations --- service and clerical --- that pay less than traditional male jobs. It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round, lifetime career or job for many reasons. There is a lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lover-paying work, but it also serves to keep them from top management positions.

　　Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child-rearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman’s income is more likely to be seen as secondary to her husband’s.

　　30. Women are kept from top management positions partly because they _______.

　　A. decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twenties

　　B. are inclined to rank family second to work

　　C. tend to have more quarrels with their employers

　　D. still take an incorrect attitude towards themselves

　　31. Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reason for women’s concentration on certain occupations?

　　A. Social division o labor.

　　B. Social prejudice against them.

　　C. Employment laws.

　　D. Physiological weakness.

　　32. The word “forgo” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ______.

　　A. give up

　　B. drop out

　　C. throw away

　　D. cut out

　　33. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ______.

　　A. men’s jobs are subject to change

　　B. women tend to be employed off and on at the same job

　　C. men’s chances of promotion are minimal

　　D. women used to be employed all the year round

　　34. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. Women’s market skills have improved greatly.

　　B. Child care is still chiefly women’s work.

　　C. Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs.

　　D. Domestic duties no longer conflict with women’s jobs.

　　Passage 7

　　The urge to explore is innate in Man. Wherever his imagination wanders, Man seeks also to go. A large part of history is concerned with the exploration of the world in which we live. Time and again men have set out with amazing courage and resolution to probe into unknown regions and lands. They crossed the seas in flimsy boats, traversed continents, scaled mountains, fought their way through jungles and swamps, and endured untold hardships --- all to explore, to see what had not yet been seen, to make known the unknown. Nor did Man confine his movements to the surface of land and sea. With kites, balloons and aircraft he left the ground to range through the lower atmosphere. Now outer space receives his attention.

　　The hard way to answer the question, why should Man bother about conquering space, is to attempt to list the specific practical benefits that will result. One knows, from past experience in other areas, that Man will surely see and discover new knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about Man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be invaluable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep men alive in space, will inevitably find their way into valuable practical uses in everyday living. The areas that will benefit are manifold. They include communications, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, conservation of resources, navigation, human comfort and welfare, biology and medicine, materials, fuels and many others. But to state specifically just what the practical outcomes will be is virtually impossible.

　　35. Exploration of the unknown .

　　A. often results in Man’s Power of imagination

　　B. is not common throughout human history

　　C. is generally sought after by men with courage and strength

　　D. is deeply rooted in the instinct of Man

　　36. Which of the following best sketches the process of Man’s probe into the unknown world?

　　A. Surface of the earth, the air and space

　　B. Waters, mountains and forests, swamps

　　C. Communications, transportation and conservation

　　D. Urge, imagination and courage

　　37. The benefits of space exploration are basically something .

　　A. well-specified