2017考博英语语法基础讲解：复合句

　　5. whose引导的定语从句

　　whose在所引导的定语从句中作定语，既可代表人也可代表物。

　　例句： We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or ecommerce engines within that environment.

　　分析： 该句是复合句。whose traffic is so strong that other organizations...是一个定语从句，修饰media;结果状语从句so strong that other organizations place...在句中充当表语。

　　译文： 我们把这种出售媒体定义为一种自有媒体，这种媒体的流量很大，因此其他机构也将其广告内容或电子商务引擎置于它的网络环境中。

　　例句： It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health， wealth and happiness to elements with whose very names the general public are unfamiliar.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为to say that...，定语从句with whose very names...修饰elements，短语be unfamiliar with...意为“不熟悉或不了解……”。

　　译文： 毫不夸张地说，我们很快就将把我们的健康、财富和幸福托付给一般人都不知其名的几种元素。

　　例句： Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber， whose manifesto， published in 1995， scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，that the term applies to...是dispute的宾语从句，过去分词短语 published in 1995修饰manifesto，定语从句whose manifesto scorns science and longs for...修饰the Unabomber。

　　译文： 把该词用到反原子弹组织身上也不会引起多大争议，该组织在1995年公开发表声明藐视科学，渴望回到前技术时代的理想社会。

　　6. 先行词是指人的集体名词

　　如果强调该集体的整体，关系代词用which引导，如果强调该集体中各个成员，则用who引导。

　　例句： The football team， which isnt playing very well this time， wont most probably place first in the league matches at all.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，which isnt playing very well this time是一个非限制性定语从句修饰the football team。

　　译文： 这支足球队这次踢得太差，根本不可能蝉联联赛冠军。

　　例句： The football team，who are taking physical test， will be back here for the result.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，who are taking physical test是一非限制性定语从句修饰the football team。

　　译文： 正在参加体能测试的足球队员，一会儿回到这里等结果。

　　7. 名词/代词+of+which/whom引导的定语从句表示整体与部分的关系

　　例句： Beethoven， the great musician， wrote nine symphonies in his life， most of which were written after he had lost his hearing.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，主干部分为Beethoven wrote nine symphonies in his life。most of which...是一个修饰symphonies的定语从句。

　　译文： 伟大的音乐家贝多芬一生中写了九首交响乐，大部分作品是在耳聋后完成的。

　　例句： Prof. Liu expected me to visit his students for him， most of whom were from abroad.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，most of whom were from abroad是一个定语从句修饰students。

　　译文： 刘教授希望我代他去看望他的学生，这些学生大多数来自海外。

　　8. who/whom引导的定语从句中有插入语，而且插入语后也不用逗号分开时，很难区分它是插入语还是定语从句中的主谓结构

　　试比较：Mary is a girl who I believe is honest.

　　Mary is a girl whom I believe to be honest.

　　很明显，在前一个句子中，定语从句who I believe is honest中I believe是插入语，因为去掉后，语法或意义均成立，who在句中作主语，不能换用whom;而在后一个句子中，不能把定语从句whom I believe to be honest中I believe看作插入语，因为去掉后不符合语法，所以I believe不是插入语，而是定语从句中的主谓结构，whom作believe的宾语，to be honest作宾语whom的补足语。

　　例句： They pointed out the damage which they supposed had been done by last nights storm.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，其中定语从句which they supposed had been done by last nights storm中they supposed为插入语，had been done是定语从句的谓语动词。

　　译文： 他们指出了他们所预计的由于昨晚风暴而造成的损失。

　　例句： This trend,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.

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