2017考博英语语法基础讲解：动词

　　(四)一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)

　　一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其形式和用法如下所述。

　　1. will/shall+动词，表示单纯的将来含义。

　　例句： Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could decline.

　　分析： 该句是复合句。written and spoken作定语修饰language;that后是一结果状语从句。

　　译文： 有朝一日，软件既能用来做文字翻译又能做口头翻译，而且能翻译得很好，以至于对任何通用的第二语言的需求都会下降。

　　例句： Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth and will be very expensive.

　　分析： 该句是复合句。which引导的定语从句修饰its own hotel;从句中you may be sure是插入语，从句的主干部分为which will be decorated with...and will be very expensive。

　　译文： 希尔顿正在那儿建立自己的酒店，你或许可以肯定它将配有(以莎士比亚剧中人物的名字命名的)哈姆雷特汉堡包店、李尔王休息室、班柯宴会包间等，而且价格非常昂贵。

　　2. be going to+动词，表示按计划或打算在最近的将来做某事，也可表示对未来的预测。

　　例句： As long as poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict with richer people who in general are lighter skinned, there is going to be a constant racial conflict in the world.

　　分析： 该句是复合句。定语从句who in general are colored和who in general are lighter skinned分别修饰poor people以及richer people;从句的主干部分为poor people are in conflict with richer people。

　　译文： 一般来说，只要穷人与富人(也就是一般的有色人种和白色人种)之间有冲突，那么这个世界上的种族冲突就不会停止。

　　例句： Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotlycontested market.

　　分析： 该句是简单句。

　　译文： 显然，只有规模最大、应变能力最强的电视传媒集团才能够在这个精彩纷呈而又竞争 激烈的市场中生存。

　　3. be to+动词，表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或要求别人去做的事，常用来表示官方的命令、决定、禁止、许可等。

　　例句：If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.

　　分析：该句是复合句。其中，在主句中，定语从句it hopes to attract修饰audience。

　　译文：如果吉尔伯特和纽约爱乐乐团想获得成功，他们首先必须改变美国最古老的交响乐团和其想要吸引的新一批观众间的关系。

　　例句： But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. (2006年第49题)

　　分析： 该句是复合句，本句主干为his primary task is not to think about...any more than...。定语从句which governs his activity修饰the moral code;其中not...any more than意为“不……也不……”。

　　译文： 但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探讨行业规范一样。

　　4.be about to+动词，表示最近即将发生的动作，不接时间状语。

　　例句： Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders.

　　分析： 该句是复合句。定语从句who is not about to pay compliments to...修饰a young man。

　　译文： 马林是个有独立思考能力的年轻人，他不会恭维他的政治领导人。

　　例句： His brother, who was a school teacher, was broke, his stomach ulcers were troubling him, one of his children had to have a serious operation, and his wife was about to have twins.

　　分析： 该句是并列复合句，其中定语从句who was a school teacher修饰his brother。主干部分为His brother was...，his stomach ulcers were...，one of his children had to..., and his wife was about to...。

　　译文： 他的哥哥是一位老师，已身无分文，并患上了胃溃疡，他的一个孩子要接受一次大手术，他的爱人将要生一对双胞胎。

　　5. 位置移动动词，如： come，arrive，go，fly，catch，start，leave，travel的用法是be+现在分词，表示按计划即将发生的一个动作，常跟较近将来时间状语连用。

　　例句： The Spring Festival is coming, and all the urban people are busy engaging in all kinds of preparations.

　　分析： 该句是由and连接的并列句。

　　译文： 春节就要到了，城里人都在忙着做各种各样的准备。

　　6. 动词come，go，start，leave，arrive，return，begin常用一般现在时表示将来，表示已经预先计划安排好的或肯定发生的动作，主语常为事物名词。

　　例句： By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.

　　分析： 该句是复合句。arrive用一般现在时表示将来。

　　译文： 你到达伦敦时，我们将已经在欧洲待了两周了。

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