2017考博英语语法基础讲解：介词

　　三、介词短语的用法

　　介词在句中不能独立使用，它后面必须接一个宾语构成介宾短语，又称介词词组，在句中可作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。

　　(一)定语(后置修饰语)

　　例句： Chinas powerful Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade will be monitoring trade signals from the new Clinton Administration.

　　分析： 该句是简单句。

　　译文： 强大的中国对外经济关系与贸易部将密切注视克林顿新政府的贸易动向。

　　例句： At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of features and editorials.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，在than后面省略了more care goes。

　　译文： 有时，报纸杂志的广告创作比特写和社论写作更费心。

　　(二)表语(用于系动词be, look, remain后)

　　例句： Many of the actors and actresses are on location now.

　　译文： 许多男女演员现在正在拍外景。

　　例句： In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance.

　　译文： 说话时，选词是最重要的。

　(三)状语(修饰谓语动词或整个句子，可置于句首、句中、句末)

　　例句： In the long run, however, this hurry to shed fulltime staff may be as harmful to industry as it is to the workforce. (2000年第15题)

　　分析： 该句是复合句。

　　译文： 但是从长远来看，草率地解雇全职员工，既不利于职工，也有害于产业。

　　例句： The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result，radically higher standards of living.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，句子主干是The findings of a research institution have shown that...。that workers...of living是have shown的宾语，workers是宾语从句的主语，谓语部分是can be trained，radically higher standards of living和radically higher productivity是achieve的并列宾语。

　　译文： 一家研究机构的研究结果一致表明，所有国家的工人都可以在岗位上接受培训以获得极高的生产率，从而极大地提高生活水平。

　　例句： But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

　　分析： 句子主干是we have drawn near the point。介词短语of admitting that...作point的后置定语，that...从句作admit的宾语从句，regardless of...作让步状语。其中draw near意为“接近，靠近”;intrinsic right意为天生的(固有的)权利;economic advantage意为“经济利益，经济优势”。

　　译文： 但是，我们至少已经承认了这样一种观点： 不管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益，生存都是它们固有的权利。

　　(四)补足语

　　例句： A really powerful speaker can work up the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement.

　　分析： 该句是简单句，介词短语to the fever of excitement作宾语the feelings的补足语。

　　译文： 一个真正有感召力的演讲者能激起听众的激情。

　　例句： Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.

　　分析： 该句是简单句，本句的主动形式为people made observations of the children...。短语make observations of意为“观察、记录某人某事”。

　　译文： 观察报告开头是关于儿童的问题，结尾是关于学龄前儿童和小学一年级学生的问题。

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