2017考博英语语法基础讲解：副词

　　五、易混淆的副词和形容词

　　(一)such，so

　　such是形容词，如such+a(an)+单数可数名词，或such+不可数名词或可数名词的复数;so是副词，如so+形容词+a(an)+单数名词。

　　注意：在so+形容词+a(an)+单数名词这一结构中名词不可改为复数形式。

　　如so beautiful girls就是错误形式，应改为： such beautiful girls。

　　另外such，so都可接that从句，形式为such...that/so...that，称之为结果状语从句。

　　例句：Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.

　　分析：该句是简单句，主干部分是such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia, would have required表示与过去事实相反的推测，only a decade earlier在句中作状语，表示时间。

　　译文：要是再早上10年，这种举动必须获得弗吉尼亚州立法委的批准。

　　例句：The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapair of fabricating their data.

　　分析：该句是复合句，that引导一结果状语从句，短语accuse sb. of sth.意为“指责、指控某人某事”。

　　译文：这些新近被描述的语言与已经被充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapair编造了材料。

　　例句：Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life.

　　分析：该句是简单句，其中形容词短语necessary to succeed in school and in life作定语修饰elements。

　　译文：这些标准化测试并不能测出在学校和生活中取得成功所必需的重要因素。

　　例句：The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that at intervals the speakers stopped for refreshments.

　　分析：该句是复合句。

　　译文：讨论是那样的冗长而乏味，以至于发言的人不时地停下来喝点饮料。

　　(二)very，much

　　very修饰形容词原级和副词;much(或very much)修饰动词、形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。

　　例句：Ted had told me that he always escaped being fined as he had got a very fast sport car.

　　分析：该句是复合句，其中being fined是动名词一般式的被动式，在句中作谓语动词escape的宾语。

　　译文：泰德告诉我，因为他有一辆速度很快的赛车，所以总是能逃脱罚款。

　　例句：Mercurys velocity is so much greater than the Earths that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one.

　　分析：该句是复合句，so...that是一个表结果的句子结构，time后是一个省略了关系词which(或that)的定语从句。

　　译文：水星的周转速度要比地球快得多，以至于在地球绕太阳转一圈的时间内，水星能绕太阳转四圈多。

　　(三)too much，much too(far too)

　　too much+不可数名词; much too/far too+形容词或副词原级。

　　例句：The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.

　　分析：冒号后内容是对其前内容的进一步解释。

　　译文：事实上，真正的原因可能恰恰相反。今天的世界有太多太多的快乐了。

　　例句：I dont like eating chocolate. The taste is much too sweet.

　　译文：我不喜欢吃巧克力，味道太甜了。

　　(四)also， too， either

　　also， too用于肯定句，also多用于正式场合，too多为习惯用法，而either用于否定句。

　　例句：I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be bound to it.

　　分析：该句是由but引导的并列句，其中短语be bound to sth.意为“必定，作保证”。

　　译文：我支持你的决定，但也应该说清楚，我并不打算非得按照你的决定做。

　　例句：Careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and the listener, too.

　　分析：该句是简单句。

　　译文：用词粗心大意往往也会阻碍说话人和听话人的思想交流。

　　例句：Mary is not a Christian;John is not a Christian, either.

　　译文：玛丽不是基督徒，约翰也不是。

　　例句：But the 47yearold manicurist isnt cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either.

　　分析：该句是复合句，其中在not...as...as结构中，第一个as是副词修饰many，而第二个as是连词引导状语从句，表方式。

　　译文：但对这位47岁的美甲师来说，现在到她这儿来修剪、锉磨或上油的人却不如她希望的那么多。

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