2017考博英语阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析(九)

2016-11-11 18:24:31来源:网络

  Extreme:adj. 极端的Assault:n. 攻击;袭击Magnitude:n. 大小;量级

  On September 17th analysts at Flashpoint, Intel’s business-security division, announced that they had found a botnet composed of 1m devices, mostly digital video-recorders. And on October 1st the source code for “Mirai”, the botnet that attacked Mr Krebs’s computer, was released to an internet hackers’ forum by a pseudonymous individual. Mirai scans the internet for devices protected by factory-default usernames and passwords (which is often the case for machines that are part of the internet of things, since their owners rarely bother to change these defaults). It then recruits them into the network.

  9月17日,因特尔公司的商业安全部门Flashpoint的分析师宣布,他们找到了一百万台设备——主要是数字录像机,组成的僵尸网络。而在10月1日,攻击Krebs网络系统的Mirai僵尸网络的源代码被匿名者公布在一个网络黑客论坛上。Mirai通过浏览网络,查找那些出厂设置下,由用户名和密码保护的设备。(设备所有者们很少会留心去更改设备的出厂设置)随后它会将这些设备归为己用。

  Pseudonymous:adj. 匿名的factory-default:出厂默认值

  注:2016年10月4日,一名叫Anna-senpai的黑客在黑客论坛Hackforums公布了名为Mirai的物联网僵尸网络病毒源代码,称此次攻击发动是为了引起信息安全业界的主意,发布的源代码希望能够帮助安全业界提高。一开始Krebs的网络攻击被认为是有史以来最大的一次网络攻击之一,其总共遭到的攻击流量达到了620GB,然而没过多久,法国主机服务供应商OVH同时遭到了两次攻击,攻击总流量则超过了1TB,研究人员发现,该僵尸网络通过物联网设备——如网络摄像头、路由器、DVR、恒温器展开一系列攻击。

  For the perpetrators, DDoS attacks are a perfect example of asymmetical warfare—cheap to carry out and expensive to prevent. The cost to Mr Krebs’s attackers, whoever they were (he has his suspicions, but no proof), would have been negligible even before Mirai’s source code was released; a few thousand dollars at most. Now, it is, in effect, zero. Defending against such attacks, though, is by no means cheap. Mr Krebs says he has been quoted rates of $150,000 to $200,000 a year for full-time protection. That is a lot of money for a freelance to fork out.

  对于罪犯来说,DDoS攻击堪称是不对称战争的完美典型——犯罪成本极低,而预防措施实施起来却很昂贵。无论攻击攻击Krebs的人是谁(尽管Krebs心里有怀疑对象,但是没有确凿证据),在Mirai的源代码被公布之前,攻击者至少要花费几千美元,而现在,实际上成本为零。而抵抗这种攻击的费用很高。Krebs说,他每年需要花费十五万到二十万美元来寻求全天候保护。这对于自由记者来说绝对是一笔不小的开支。

  Perpetrator:n. 犯罪者;作恶者;行凶者Asymmetical:adj. [数] 非对称的Negligible:adj. 微不足道的,可以忽略的fork out:v. 支付;放弃

  注:不对称作战,是指用不对称手段、不对等力量和非常规方法所进行的作战;不对称军事理论,是指用以指导不对称作战的知识体系;不对称军事理论研究,是指为形成不对称军事理论而进行的学术活动。战争发展至今天,如果不能在与敌方的理论角逐中占据上风,那么在实战中也就很难争得主动。

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