2017考博英语阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析（九十九）

　　proffered v.提供，贡献，提出( proffer的过去式和过去分词 )

　　Draft adj.初步画出或(写出)的;(设计、草图、提纲或版本)正在起草中的，草拟的;以草稿形式的;草图的

　　Constitution n.宪法;建立，组成;体格;构成方式

　　An even more striking example of America’s new irrelevance is the mechanism devised for policing a ceasefire that has been in place for almost a month. Out went the old arrangements agreed on with John Kerry, America’s former secretary of state, last September. Russia’s new partners were Turkey and Iran, who together would “observe and ensure full compliance with the ceasefire, prevent any provocation and determine all modalities”.

　　一个关于美国不想参与此事的更明显的例子就是，美国推出无关紧要的停火机制已有近一个月了。而之前支持美国前国务卿John Kerry的停火歇息已经是去年九月的了。俄罗斯将会与新搭档土耳其，伊朗，一起“遵守与确保停火的承诺，用一切方式阻止一切挑衅。”

　　striking adj.引人注目的;显著的;容貌出众的;妩媚动人的v.击;打( strike的现在分词);敲响;报时

　　irrelevance n.无关紧要;不相关;不相关的事物

　　compliance n.服从，听从;承诺;柔软度;顺度

　　Can this work? Tellingly, the final communiqué, seeking to bolster the ceasefire, was issued by the external powers, while Syria’s belligerents registered protests and reservations. However, the rebels probably have little choice but to comply. Chased out of their last major urban redoubt in Aleppo and doubtful of their support from the new American administration, many want to grab what they can. Even so, the war continues undiminished against some of the most powerful militias left off Astana’s guest list—Islamic State, the YPG Kurdish forces, and particularly an al-Qaeda offshoot, Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (JFS). JFS has launched its own offensive, pitting its 6,000 hardened fighters against the 15,000 of more moderate groups. That intra-rebel battle is again cutting roads across Idlib, the poor rural province the rebels still hold, and closing crossings to Turkey as they fight over bases.

　　这个能有效吗?值得关注的是，当叙利亚的交战双方显示出要反抗和保留意见时，最后公报由外界力量发表，表示要停火。然而，这些造反的人除了顺从之外没什么选择。在阿勒坡，(造反者)从他们最后的主要城市堡垒被赶出去，以及(造反者)对美国新政府支持的怀疑，这些都使他们想要抓住他们能抓住的东西。即便是这样，战争也不会继续削弱一些最强盛的民兵，然后从阿斯塔纳的客人名单中除去——伊斯兰国，YPG库尔德的部队，尤其一个叫征服沙姆阵线的基地组织的分支。JFS已经开始了它的进攻，派遣6000个精锐将士去攻打有15000个士兵的更稳健的军队。而内战再一次切断了(他们)跨越伊德利朴的路，一些穷困乡下省份仍然在坚守并在他们打基础战的时候快要穿越土耳其了。

　　Judging by its record, Mr Assad’s regime will be as recalcitrant. Talks may bring him benefits, such as dividing the opposition. (Mr Assad’s representative, Bashar al-Jaafari, quipped that he hoped the terrorists would help defeat the terrorists.) But even when weaker, the regime preferred military options. Having won the whip hand, it is in no mood to discuss a transition to a broader government. Should Russia try to bring him to heel, Mr Assad is signalling he has other friends to turn to. While Iran sat at the table talking ceasefires, Mr Assad and its forces were making common cause fighting in the valleys of Wadi Barrada above Damascus.

　　根据记录判断，阿萨德政府将继续顽抗。谈判或许会给他带来利益，例如，能够分化反对党。(阿萨德的发言人Bashar al-Jaafari讽刺道这是以毒攻毒。)但是即便反对派削弱了，阿萨德政府还是偏向于军事主义政策。既然已经在政府中取得了支配地位，那么阿萨德政府也没有闲情逸致来讨论如何转变为一个更加民主的联合政府。就算俄罗斯准备逼迫阿萨德政府就范，他也暗示了自己还有其他可以寻求帮助的盟友。当伊朗政府在谈判桌上寻求停火之际，阿萨德及其军队正在准备在大马士革之上的WadiBarrada山谷发动进攻。

　　By delegating responsibility for the ceasefire to three outside powers, the tripartite mechanism may well have the effect of creating zones of influence. Untroubled by the Iranians and Russians, the Turks are fighting to expand their enclave (against IS and the Kurds) in the north. The Iranians are doing much the same around Damascus. Russia is firmly entrenched on the coast. The conflict, it seems, will continue; as will yet another of the Middle East’s sad, interminable peace processes.

　　通过授权同意外部三方势力停火，这三方会谈应该会对这片区域造成深刻影响。由于没有受到伊朗人和俄罗斯人的妨碍，土耳其人正在北部扩张他们的飞地(来对抗IS以及库尔德武装)。伊朗人也在大马士革周边做着相似的事情。而俄罗斯人封锁了海岸线。冲突似乎还会继续;与此同时中东之伤其二，和平之路任重而道远。

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