2021考博英语词汇语法题常考知识点专项练习：非谓语动词

　　动名词

　　1.形式同现在分词有四种:

　　一般主动式doing

　　一般被动式being done

　　完成主动式having done

　　完成被动式having been done

　　2.动名词的基本用法：

　　作主语：Seeing is believing. /Talking is easier than doing. /It isn’t necessary explaining to him. /It’s no use waiting here.

　　作表语：My hobby(爱好)is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking.

　　作宾语：When he came in , we all stopped talking . /He has given up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing ? /The boy isn’t worth teaching.

　　注 有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，有些动词后跟不定式。动名词作宾语含义不同。详见第6点。

　　作定语：This is her father’s walking stick.

　　1. 动名词的复合结构：

　　形式：his/him working there, Wang Dong’s/Wang Dong working

　　there

　　语法功能：

　　作主语：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.(动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sb’s的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。)

　　作宾语：I don’t like his/him staying with us.

　　作表语：My joy is his winning the table-tennis game.(his不能改为him)

　　2. 动名词的完成式：

　　动名词的一般式所表示的动作为一种时间要领不强的或泛指的动作，或是与句中谓语同时发生。或在谓语之后发生的动作。

　　如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则要用完成式。例如：

　　We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time.

　　lending g

　　在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后/某些介词后/某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如：

　　having lent

　　I remember him some money before.

　　promising

　　having promised

　　He forgot me that.

　　After finishing his homework (=Having finished his homework) , he went out for a walk.

　　3. 动名词的被动式

　　如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。例如：The problem is far from being settled.

　　动名词的完成被动式往往用一般被动式来代替，以免句子显得累赘。例如：

　　I still remember being invited(代替having been invited)by a famous artist when I was in Shanghai.

　　4. 动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较

　　作主语：

　　(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如：Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.

　　Talking is easy and doing is difficult.=To talk is easy and to do is difficult.

　　(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。例如：

　　It took him two hours to finish the work.

　　To be a scientist is his desire(愿望).

　　(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性、长期性的行为，一般用动名词。例如：

　　Getting up early is a good habit.

　　作宾语：

　　(1) 有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多，主要有：

　　begin, start,continue, love, prefer等。

　　(2) 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有：

　　wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide.

　　(3) 有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：

　　finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, can’t help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off(延迟)=delay, suggest.feel like, look forward to,devote…to(doing),be worth ,appreciate.

　　(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on

　　A.forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

　　forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

　　=forget having done sth.

　　=forget to have done sth.

　　B.remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事

　　C.regret to do sth. 遗憾(要)做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事

　　D.stop to do sth. 停下(原事)去做某事(不定式作目的状语)

　　stop doing sth. 停止做某事

　　E.mean to do sth. 决意/打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味/表明做某事

　　F.try to do sth. 努力/设法去做某事

　　try doing sth. 试图/尝试用某一方法做某事

　　G.want/need/require to do sth. 要/想做某事

　　want/need/require doing(=to be done). 需要/想要被…

　　H.go on to do sth. 继续做不同的事 go on doing sth. 继续做相同的事

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