2023年医学考博英语范文 (2)

2023年医学考博英语范文 (2)

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　　Flu Complications　流感并发症

　　Most people who get influenza will recover in several days to less than two weeks, but some people will develop complications as a result of the flu. A wide range of complications can be caused by influenza virus infection of the upper respiratory tract (nasal passages, throat) and lower respiratory tract (lungs). While anyone can get sick with flu and become severely ill, some people are more likely to experience severe flu illness. Young children, adults aged 65 years and older, pregnant women, and people with certain chronic medical conditions are among those groups of people who are at high risk of serious flu complications, possibly requiring hospitalization and sometimes resulting in death. For example, people with chronic lung disease are at higher risk of developing severe pneumonia.

　　大多数感染流感的人会在几天内到两周内可以恢复，但有些人会因流感而出现并发症。上呼吸道(鼻道，喉咙)和下呼吸道(肺)的流感病毒感染可导致多种并发症。虽然任何人都可能因流感而感到不适，并且病情严重，但有些人更可能患上严重的流感疾病。年幼的儿童，65岁及以上的成年人，孕妇和有某些慢性疾病的人群属于那些有严重流感并发症高风险人群，可能需要住院，并有可能会导致死亡。例如，慢性肺病患者发生严重肺炎的风险较高。

　　Sinus and ear infections are examples of moderate complications from flu, while pneumonia is a serious flu complication that can result from either influenza virus infection alone or from co-infection of flu virus and bacteria. Other possible serious complications triggered by flu can include inflammation of the heart (myocarditis [?ma?kɑ:'da?t?s]), brain (encephalitis) or muscle ([ma?'sa?t?s], rhabdomyolysis [r?bdma?'l?s?s]) tissues, and multi-organ failure (for example, respiratory and kidney failure). Flu virus infection of the respiratory tract can trigger an extreme inflammatory response in the body and can lead to sepsis, the body’s life-threatening response to infection. Flu also can make chronic medical problems worse. For example, people with asthma may experience asthma attacks while they have the flu, and people with chronic heart disease may experience a worsening of this condition triggered by flu.

　　鼻窦和耳部感染是中度流感并发症的例子，而肺炎是严重的流感并发症，有可能是感染流感病毒或合并感染流感病毒和细菌而引起的。由流感引发的其他可能的严重并发症包括心脏(心肌炎)，脑(脑炎)或肌肉(肌炎，横纹肌溶解)组织和多器官衰竭(例如呼吸和肾衰竭)的炎症。流感病毒感染呼吸道可引发机体极度炎症反应，并可导致败血症，即身体对感染的致命反应。流感也可能使慢性医疗问题变得更糟。例如，患有哮喘的人在患有流感时可能出现哮喘发作，患有慢性心脏病的人可能经历由流感引发的这种疾病的恶化。

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