2024年医学考博英语写作常用词汇

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　　1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come

　　down，fall;上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase;

　　2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety;

　　3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to;

　　4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s

　　livelihood/well-being;

　　5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical health system

　　6.预防保健Disease Prevention Health care，服务体系service system;

　　7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene;个人和环境卫生personal environmental

　　hygiene

　　8.lite清淡的;protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食;

　　9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施

　　10.人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病，

　　11.虫媒insect pollination;虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious

　　disease：

　　12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome;

　　13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热;

　　14.爆发流行：break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion

　　15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/

　　contagious, transmission/transmittable;

　　communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的;

　　communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的

　　16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to

　　person transmission

　　17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/

　　propagation

　　18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate

　　19.福祉 well-being, happiness;

　　20.衰老grow old;aging;consenescence;senility;senile

　　21.from bad to worse每况愈下;akin to=similar to 相似的;Purulent脓的,化脓的

　　22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension

　　23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum Colon;亚健康 sub-health

　　24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork

　　25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years

　　26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health

　　27.分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to

　　their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly

　　classified into three kinds.

　　28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary

　　duties/responsibilities/obligations;

　　基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle;

　　29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。

　　30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common

　　people;合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent;

　　31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from

　　The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise.

　　There have been more deaths from drowning.

　　How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少?

　　32.归结为 boil down to;come down to;

　　归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute…

　　to、owe…to;

　　归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute…

　　to。

　　33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive;大规模流行 large-scale

　　transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak

　　34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly;

　　因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations;

　　孤立现象an isolated phenomenon;

　　复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate;

　　极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。

　　35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances;

　　养老保险 endowment insurance;

　　退休养老金retirement pension;

　　Health Care Reform医疗改革

　　36.激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity;

　　37.月经期menstrual period

　　38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace

　　39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care

　　40.安乐死euthanasia;

　　41.得绝症的terminally ill;

　　42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care

　　濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient

　　43.SecondhSmoking ，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive

　　smoking”.

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