Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one‘s state of consciousness.
59. Substances abuse (line 5, paragraph 1) is preferable to drug abuse in that ________.
(A) substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used
(B) drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drugtakers
(C) alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
(D) many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous
60. The word pervasive (line 1, paragraph 2) might mean ________.
(A) widespread (B) overwhelming (C) piercing (D) fashionable
61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________.
(A) uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time
(B) exclusive use of them for social purposes
(C) quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases
(D) careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms
62. From the last paragraph we can infer that ________.
(A) stimulants function positively on the mind
(B) hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health
(C) depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances
(D) the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups
答案:DAAB
2022考博精选好考,点击图片查看详情!
资料下载
【必看】考博英语词汇10000例精解
发布时间:2020-09-02关注新东方在线服务号
回复【10000】免费获取
医学考博英语作文核心基础词汇整理
发布时间:2020-04-15关注新东方在线服务号
回复【医学考博】获取
医学考博英语阅读理解练习资料
发布时间:2020-04-15关注新东方在线服务号
回复【医学考博】获取
法学考博英语高频词汇word版
发布时间:2020-04-15关注新东方在线服务号
回复【医学考博】获取
医学博士英语统考真题及解析
发布时间:2019-12-26关注新东方在线服务号
回复【考博真题】获取
全国医学博士外语统一考试真题
发布时间:2019-12-26关注新东方在线服务号
回复【考博真题】获取
中科院考博英语复习备考实战经验分享
发布时间:2019-12-26关注新东方在线服务号
回复【考博经验】获取
中科院考博英语真题练习资料
发布时间:2019-12-26关注新东方在线服务号
回复【考博真题】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
关注新东方在线服务号,
免费获取考博必看干货资料
推荐阅读
更多>>医学2023年考博英语医患对话交流的英语表达 考博英语是考博中重点考察的科目,想要更好的拿到高分成绩,对于同学来说,大家在实际的备考
2023年医学考博英语:食物中毒、上吐下泻 考博英语是考博中重点考察的科目,想要更好的拿到高分成绩,对于同学来说,大家在实际的备考中
2023年医学考博英语就诊常用英语口语 考博英语是考博中重点考察的科目,想要更好的拿到高分成绩,对于同学来说,大家在实际的备考中,需
2023年医学考博英语儿科( Pediatrics)英语专业词汇 考博英语是考博中重点考察的科目,想要更好的拿到高分成绩,对于同学来说,大家在
20223年考博英语内外科常用字汇 考博英语是考博中重点考察的科目,想要更好的拿到高分成绩,对于同学来说,大家在实际的备考中,需要更
考博好课推荐
更多>>1节课解读博士考试,掌握备考秘诀!
价格 : ¥0元
基础薄弱,备考迷茫,送纸质资料
价格 : ¥2280元
资深教师,教学简明,直接有效!
价格 : 0元
资料下载
更多>>关注新东方在线服务号
回复【10000】免费获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【医学考博】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【医学考博】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【医学考博】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【考博真题】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【考博真题】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【考博经验】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【考博真题】获取
阅读排行榜
相关内容