2017考博英语阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析（六十二）

2017考博英语阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析（六十二）

　　考博英语阅读大部分博士研究生招生院校都使用《经济学人》杂志文章作为题源，新东方在线考博频道为考博生们将其中的文章进行深度分析，希望能提高大家的考博英语阅读水平，读懂长难句。

　　Russia’s elections 俄罗斯选举

　　Duma-day machine Vladimir Putin has the country’s ballot under control弗拉基米尔·普京掌控了全国的选票Sep 17th 2016 | From the print edition

　　①SINCE Russia’s last parliamentary election in 2011, when widespread fraud triggered mass protests, millions of Russians have fallen into penury. Wages have plunged, and labour protests are on the rise. Vladimir Putin’s forces are fighting openly in Syria and secretly in Ukraine. Polls show that 33% of Russians believe the country is heading in the wrong direction, though 82% approve of Mr Putin. With so much at stake, why are so many ignoring the parliamentary election due on September 18th? Golos, an election monitoring group, calls the campaign the “most sluggish and inactive” of the past decade.

　　自从在2011年俄罗斯上届议会选举中，广泛的欺诈行为引起了大规模的抗议，数百万的俄罗斯人陷入贫困。工资降低，工人抗议现象在增长。弗拉基米尔·普金的军队公开在叙利亚共和国战斗和秘密在乌克兰战斗。民意调查显示虽然33%的俄罗斯人相信国家正在走向错误的方向，但是82%的人是赞成普金的。在如此严峻的形势下，为什么这么多人忽视9月18日的议会选举?投票监督组织Golos把这场选举称作是在过去10年里最萧条和怠惰的活动。

　　②This sterility is the Kremlin’s strategy. The election will be seen as a success if it is uneventful. The vote was moved forward from December to September, a move that critics contend was designed to keep turnout low, as summer holidays and the new school year keep people preoccupied. While some dissidents have been allowed to run, the strongest opposition leader, Alexei Navalny, has been convicted on trumped-up charges to keep him out of the race. As Mr Navalny points out, many of those running have been around since 1993. Russian voters are bored: 43% say they are not paying attention to the campaign, compared with 31% in 2011.

　　这个萧条之象是克里姆林宫的战略。如果是平静无事的，这个选举将被看作是成功。投票由12月提前到9月，批评家们认为此举目的是保持低逆转率，就像暑假和新学年让人们关注一样。然而一些意见不同的人被允许去运作投票，最强烈的反对领导，阿列克谢纳瓦尔尼，已经关于捏造赊购被定罪，让他不得退出选举。纳瓦尔尼指出自1993年起就存在许多这样的运作。俄罗斯选举人很厌烦：相比于2011年31%的人，43%的人说他们不关注那场战役。

　　③Nonetheless, the Kremlin needs the elections to retain a veneer of legitimacy. Keen to avoid accusations of vote-rigging, the government replaced the odious head of the Central Election Commission, Vladimir Churov (nicknamed “The Magician” for his ability to make results come out just right), with Ella Pamfilova, a respected former human-rights ombudsman. The ratings of United Russia, Mr Putin’s ruling party, have been falling. Mr Putin calls this a sign of “an active election campaign”.

　　尽管如此，克里姆林宫需要竞选来保留一位披上合法外衣的女王来避免发生操纵选票的控告。政府替换了中央选举委员会讨厌的领头丘罗夫(因为他恰如其分的产生结果的能力而被取了‘魔术师’的绰号。)以及一位受人尊重的前人权监察专员Ella Pamfilova.普金的执政党俄罗斯统一党的等级评定已经没落了。普金称这是一场积极的选举竞争的迹象。

　　④It will not threaten his grip on the Duma. While half the seats will be elected by proportional representation, half will be head-to-head contests in individual districts, most of which will go to United Russia candidates. The nominal “opposition” parties that are gaining ground—the Communists, the Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia—are largely under the thumb of the Kremlin.

　　这将不会威胁到他在彪马的股份。然而比例表明一半的位置将被竞选。一半的在个人领域中将会是一场肉搏战。其中大部分人都将竞选俄罗斯统一党的候选人。名义上普及共产主义的反对党自由民主党和公正的俄罗斯都在克里姆林宫的玩弄之中。

　　⑤The real drama lies not in the election’s results, but in the jockeying around it. The campaign has served as a testing ground for a more important vote: the presidential elections in 2018. Mr Putin has been shaking up his team following the dismissal of his powerful chief of staff last month. More changes are expected after the elections. Bigwigs are attempting to secure their roles in the new political season, argues Tatiana Stanovaya of the Centre for Political Technologies, a think-tank: the Duma contest is “turning into elections for the future elite of Putin’s fourth term”.

　　真正戏剧性的不在于选举的结果，而是选举中的欺瞒。这场竞选已经充当起一项更为重要的选举的测试平台。2018年的总统竞选,普金已经煽动他的团队追踪上个月拥有权利的雇员的解雇问题。在选举后，大家希望有更多的改变。期待您的翻译，您可以将翻译留言到文章底部，第二天会有读者试译详解哦。

　　⑥So far, the more conservative forces within the regime seem to have the advantage. In recent weeks, Mr Putin has replaced his education minister and children’s rights ombudsman with figures close to the Russian Orthodox church. The Levada Centre, Russia’s last independent polling agency, was declared a “foreign agent”, a ploy the government uses to harass organisations it dislikes with red tape. Lev Gudkov, the centre’s director, says the designation makes it “impossible to work”. There have been 31 such rulings this year.

　　到目前为止，保守政党拥有着优势。近来几周，普京先生用亲俄国的正统教堂的人更换了他的教育部长以及儿童权利监察专员。俄国最后一个独立的民调机构列瓦达中心被宣布为一个外交机构，政府用这个策略来骚扰那些带有官样文章的组织。中央指挥官Lev Gudkov说，这样的委任会使列瓦达中心无法去工作。类似这样的裁定今年已经有31起了。

　　⑦Despite mounting budgetary pressure, painful but necessary economic reforms are unlikely to be taken up before the presidential elections. Facing no pressure from the Potemkin electoral system, Mr Putin has little reason to rush.尽管财务预算的压力不断上升，在总统竞选之前，艰难而又必要的经济改革策略是不太可能开始实行了。面对波将金的竞选系统，普金先生丝毫没有压力，他没有理由往前直冲。

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