2018考博英语翻译练习：家庭结构变迁

2017-09-14 17:44:47来源：网络

2018考博英语翻译练习：家庭结构变迁

　　With the implementation of the family planning policy and the change of the concept of family, the size and structure of traditional Chinese families have undergone evident changes. One is that the number of one-child families increases, resulting in a gradual decrease in the average number of family members. Another is the miniaturization trend of the family structure, which leads to the traditional extended family being replaced by nuclear family. Changes in size and structure of households contribute to simple family relationship and increasing mutual dependence of family members. However, the changes also exert negative influences, such as a surge in the speed of population aging and the increasing number of the empty-nest families.

　　参考翻译:

　　随着计划生育政策(the family planning policy)的推行和家庭观念的改变，中国传统的家庭规模和结构发生了明显变化。一是独生子女家庭增多，家庭平均人口逐渐下降。二是家庭结构呈现出小型化(miniaturization)趋势，传统的大家庭逐渐被核心家庭取代。家庭规模与结构的变化，使家庭中的人际关系变得简单，成员之间的相互依赖性日益增强。但是，家庭规模和结构的变化也带来了一些负面影响，如中国的人口老龄化速度急剧上升，空巢家庭(empty-nest family)增加等。

　　1.第一句中的“随着计划生育…和家庭观念的改变”可译成with引导的介词短语。“中国传统的家庭规模和结构发生了明显变化”则处理为句子主干。

　　2.第二句中的“一是独生子女家庭增多”译作One is that the number of one-child families increases,“家庭平均人口逐渐下降”可采用现在分词短语作结果状语，增译“导致”，译作resulting in a gradual decrease in the average number of family members。

　　3.第三句中的“二是家庭结构呈现出小型化趋势”处理成主干，“传统的大家庭逐渐被核心家庭取代”可处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句，对“家庭结构的小型化趋势”作进一步说明，同时使句式富于变化。

　　4.第四句“家庭规模与结构的变化，使…”，可将“家庭中的人际关系变得简单”，“成员之间的相互依赖性日益增强”处理成名词短语，译作simple family relationship and increasing mutual dependence of family members，这样处理符合英文中多用名词表达的语言特点，也使译文表达更简洁。

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