2018医学考博英语听力题材语料预测：病人的情感和悲痛

2018医学考博英语听力题材语料预测：病人的情感和悲痛

　　新东方在线考博频道整理了2018医学考博英语听力题材语料预测，希望对大家复习有所帮助。

　　Patient'semotions and grief are important and need to be acknowledged & accepted:show empathy

　　需要被认可和接受: 表示同情

　　In WNES healthcare great importance is placed on acknowledging patient's emotions. Many distressing feelings, including grief, are potentially experienced by patients during their hospital admission; nurses must acknowledge, accept &，when appropriate, actively encourage the ventilation of these emotions. When patients feel awkward or uncomfortable about expressing how they feel, the nurse may need to validate, or actively affirm the patient's right to feel their emotions. On the other hand, it should be emphasized that some patients might just want to keep to themselves. or may need time to reflect upon their situation and feelings. Therefore, nurses should never force anyone to express themselves cathartically.

　　病人的情感在讲英语的西方医疗保健中被放在了很重要的位置。在住院期间，病人都有可能经历包括悲痛、忧伤等许多痛苦的感觉;护士必须认可、接受并适时地积极鼓励这些情感的表达。当病人对表达自己的感受觉得尴尬或不舒服时，护土需要主动地肯定病人有权拥有那种感受。然而,我们也应该强调一下，有些病人可能只想独自分享自己的感受，或需要更多的时间来反省自己的处境和感觉，因此，护士绝不应该强迫病人宜泄。

　　Indeed, the sphere of emotions is another one where there is a great differential in the communication styles of Chinese and WNES healthcare personnel. To many Chinese nurses the idea of paying so much attention to the patient's feelings may seem positively alien! Chinese people certainly feel as much as any other race, but it would probably be a fair generalization to say that they are less publicly demonstrative with their emotions than Westerners & that acknowledgment or validation of a patient's feelings would hardly be a Chinese health professional's priority. On the contrary, in WNES countries some academics and health professionals would maintain that managing a patient's emotional status is as important as treatment of their physical condition. In some ways this is not totally contradictory of the more holistic approach that underpins Chinese medicine!

　　的确，情感是中西方医疗保健人员交流方式存在很大差别的另一领域。对于许多中国护士来说，对病人的情感投人这么大的关注看起来可能有些奇怪! 中国人当然和其他民族一样敏感，但比起西方人，中国人更不愿在公众场合表达自己的情感是一个比较普遍的现象。对中国医疗保健人员来说，认可或证实病人的情感很难被放在优先的位置。相比之下，在讲英语的西方国家，处理病人的情感方面被学术界和医疗保健人员放在了与治疗病人身体同等重要的地位。这在某些方面和那些支撑中国医疗保健的注重整体的方法并不光全相斥!

　　A new communication paradigm can't be learnt overnight and it will take you some time to learn the subtle skills required to provide what in many ways is Western style counselling. For those of you who work in WNES hospital environments you will have a chance to learn these from WNES staff who are already fluent in this mode of communication, but in the mean time just remember the following cardinal rules:

　　一个新的交流方法是不能在一夜之间学会的，这有些像西式心理咨询，其微妙的技巧是需要时间来掌掘的。在你们当中有一些在讲英语的西方国家医院里工作的护士她们将有机会从那些已经熟练掌掘这种交流方式的讲英语的西方医疗保健人员那里学习这些技巧，但首先，你们应该记住以下基本规则:

　　1. If a patient expresses an emotion (e.g. sadness, anxiety, anger), accept the feeling and, whatever you do, don't tell them not to feel that way! Ideally you should show empathy, which essentially means making the patient feel understood by you. Don't be afraid to say, "I can really understand that you feel this way".

　　如果一个病人向你表达他的情感(如悲伤，焦虑，气愤)，你应该认可这种感觉。无论怎样，不要告诉他们不许那么想! 你应该表示你的同情，从根本上讲就是让病人感到你能理解他。不要害怕告诉病人“我真的可以理解你的感觉”。

　　2. Never get into an argument about the logicality of the patient feeling the way they do. Just accept their feeling and help them to express what they need to. Indeed, after a patient has ventilated enough emotion they may be more amenable to discussing the rationality, or irrationality, of their cognitive processes.

　　永远都不要和病人争论他们感觉的逻辑性。只是认可他们的感觉，帮助他们来表达他们需要表达的感情。当病人足够地宜泄了情感后，就可以更容易地与他们探讨其知觉的逻辑性。

　　3. If the patient is a bit awkward about expressing their feelings then help them by acknowledging that you can hear or see the emotion in them & provide reassurance that it is ok in your presence that they feel this way. For example the RN might say “I imagine you feel quite sad about this, it's totally natural to feel that way in your situation. I've certainly got time to listen to you if you want to talk about it"

　　如果病人对表达自己的情感有些尴尬的话。可以用告诉他们你可以听得出或看得出他们的感觉的话来帮助他们，同时安慰他们，告诉他们这样想是没有问题的。例如注册护士可能会说“我认为你觉得很难过，在你的处境下这么想是完全正常和自然的。如果你愿意的话，我肯定有时间来听你倾诉”。

　　4. Watch your body language very closely. Send warm, friendly and accepting cues such as good eye contact, a concerned facial expression, occasional and gentle smiles when appropriate, and an open and relaxed posture (e.g. don't cross your arms too often).It's also important to convey that you have time to hear your patient out， so do sit down next to their bed instead of standing looking at your watch!

　　密切注意你自己的肢体语言，发出一些热情、友好并接受的暗示，例如和谐的眼神接触、关心的表情、温和的微笑，适时的放松的姿态(不要太频繁地交叉手臂)。向病人表明自己有时间倾听也很重要，应在病人的床旁坐着，而不是总是站着井看自己的手表!

　　5. Be active in encouraging the patient to express themselves. Don't wait for things to boil over like a volcano, instead be proactive and help the patient come to terms with their emotions in a more gradual manner. Ask open ended questions which promote rather than discourage self expression (See Guideline 13 )

　　积极地救励病人倾诉，不要等到火山爆发。主动地帮助病人逐步表达他们的情感，应问一些鼓励病人发言而不是阻碍病人表达的问题(见指导原则13).

　　6. Sometimes you need to be silent to give the patient the emotional space they need to express themselves. Attentive silence can potentially send a more powerful message of acceptance than words can do (See Guideline 11).

　　有时，你需要保持沉默，留给病人表达自我的情感空间。有意的沉默可能传递给病人比文字更加有效的信息，以表示对病人倾诉的认可《见指导原则11).

　　7. Sometimes gentle touch is appropriate to comfort a patient experiencing intense emotional distress. or grief. Be careful in choosing who you do this with as occasionally some patients may react in an anxious or aggressive manner to such gesture. Obviously you should never touch in an overly intimate manner that might be misconstrued as sexual in any way.

　　有时，轻撒地抚摸是用来安慰经历感情上的强烈悲痛或忧伤的病人的合适方法。要小心地选择你可以这么做的病人，因为有时候一些病人对这样的姿态会以一种焦虑或有攻击性的方式回应。当然，体绝不应该采用一种过分亲密的方式，因为在某种程度上这会被误解成“性”信号。

　　8. As mentioned above, you should rarely ever force a patient who doesn't want to open up emotionally, to talk.

　　如上所述，如果病人不能放开自己的情感，你绝不能强迫他们来倾诉。9.Educate your patient that it is not only natural but necessary to come to terms with the emotions they feel around their illness and hospitalization. Indeed, this not only promotes better coping capacity with their physical condition. but in addition can prevent long term psychological problems such as depression from developing.

　　教病人接受对疾病和住院治疗的感觉，告诉他们这是自然而且必要的。实际上，这不仅能更好地促进他们身体的应对能力而且还能防止长期的心理问题，如抑郁症。

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