2018医学考博英语常见专业词汇:影像X射线类

2018-03-08 11:43:29来源:网络

2018医学考博英语常见专业词汇:影像X射线类

  一、肺 Lung

  清晰 clear

  肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows

  肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings

  钙化灶 calcified

  空洞 cavitation

  球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion)

  小块阴影区 a minimal area of density

  散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows

  边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density

  圆形致密影 a round density

  胸膜增厚 pleural thickening

  肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle

  横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement

  包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion

  液气胸 hydropneumothorax

  纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement

  肺门模糊 hilar haze

  肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density

  肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction)

  阴影性状 shadow

  淡的 haziness

  云雾状 clouding

  线装 streaky

  絮状 patcky

  结节状 nodular

  块状 massive

  粟粒状 miliary

  融合状 confluent

  均匀的 homogeneous

  二、心脏 Heart

  左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement

  主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta

  主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart

  肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment

  肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery

  心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow

  左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement

  左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation

  靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart

  主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta

  心腰部 waist of heart

  垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart

  三、腹部平片 KUB film

  结石 calculus

  钙化影 calcified shadow

  阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern

  液气平面 gas-fluid level

  膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air

  四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination

  胃肠造影 gastroenterography

  双重对比造影 double contrast radiography

  食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign

  十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression)

  小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine

  结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon

  胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time

  胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach

  充盈缺损 filling defect

  黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds

  张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity)

  球部激惹现象 irritable cap

  蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis)

  蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis

  蠕动消失 aperistalsis

  排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation

  跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon

  黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold

  黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold

  五、胆道 bile tract

  口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography

  静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography

  经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography

  经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

  胆总管扩张dilated common duct

  胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily

  胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately

  收缩功能 contractibility

  六、骨骼skeleton

  骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone

  洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance

  骨膜反应 periosteal reaction

  骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction)

  骨化 ossification

  畸形 deformity

  缩短 shortening

  移位 displacement

  脱位 luxation

  半脱位 subluxation

  连接不正 malunion

  青枝骨折 greenstick fracture

  多发性骨折 multiple fracture

  病理性骨折 pathological fracture

  关节间隙 joint space

  椎间隙 intervertebral space

  肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage

  骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis)

  骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis

  死骨 sequestrum

  骨质坏死 bone necrosis

  关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint

  关节强直 ankyloses

  骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation

  对线良好 good alignment

  对位良好 good apposition

  七、泌尿系统 urological system

  静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP)

  逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography

  萎缩 atrophy

  移位 deformity

  扭曲 distortion

  充盈缺损 filling defect

  狭窄 stricture

  不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone

  八、X线检查位置

  前后位 anteroposterior projection

  后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection

  侧位 lateral projection

  立位 upright position

  斜位 oblique projection

  右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection

  前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection

  前凸位 lordotic position projection

  轴位 axial position

  头位 cranial projection

  尾位 caudal projection


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