2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析(二十七)

2019-02-02 08:58:00来源:网络

2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析(二十七)

  考博英语阅读理解题型想要获得高分平日的练习必不可少,新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了100篇考博英语阅读理解模拟练习题,希望考博生们做题时注意时间,认真对待,题后有详细的答案解析。

Breakingrecords can become monotonous after a while. The Baltic Dry Index, whichtracks the costs of shipping “dry” goods such as iron ore, coal and grainaround the world, dipped this week after hitting an all-time high on November13th. But it is still up 154% from a year earlier.

Aswith so much to do with commodities, the extraordinary rise in freight rates ispartly because ofChina'sappetite for raw materials. A dearth of new ships, and flotillaswaiting to berth in overcrowded ports (especially inAustralia), are also driving rateshigher. The cost of shipping iron ore fromBraziltoChinais now more than the cost of digging up the ore itself.Yet what makesthe problem worse (or better, if you are a ship-owner) are the ways in whichshifts in supply and demand are altering trade patterns around the world,especially in commodities like iron ore and coal, which are the most frequentlytraded cargoes in international shipping.

Takeiron ore.China's biggestsuppliers—AustraliaandIndia—have beenunable to cope with the surge in demand. According to Icap Hyde, a firm of shipbrokers,Australia's market share ofChina'siron-ore imports fell from 70% around 15 years ago to about 40% last year.Earlier this year, to ensure enough iron ore for its own industries,Indiaimposedtariffs on sales of iron ore abroad.Over the years, Chinese steel producers have scoutedelsewhere for the metal—mainly inBrazil, where they have securedlong-term supply contracts. But it takes three times as long to move cargofromBraziltoChinaas it does fromAustralia,which, in effect, reduces shipping capacity for each shipment of Brazilian ironore toChinathat comes atAustralia'sexpense.

Meanwhile,Chinaused to export much more coal than it imported, according to Jon Chappell ofJPMorgan. As recently as 2001, its net exports of coal were 89m tons. So far this year, it hasimported almost as much as it has exported. Other East Asian countries such asJapan,South Korea relied heavily onChinafor coal and now have to import it fromAustralia,South Africaand theAmericas.So doesIndia.Meanwhile, drought inAustraliahas meant that large Asian importers have had to ship grain from as far away asAmerica.

Ingeneral, points out Icap Hyde, there is an “oceanic imbalance” between the Atlantic and Pacific. Supply is spread across bothoceans, even as demand is concentrated in Asia.Shipping ton-miles for the major “dry” goods, which indicates the extent towhich more freight is moved over longer distances, rose by 45% between 2001 and2006. That is good news for freight rates, if any more were needed. By allaccounts, the bull run is likely to last until 2009, when a huge number of newships are due to be launched. Let's hope they are built for trans-oceanictravel.

  1. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the Baltic Dry Index?

  [A] The index is increased by 154% compared with the previous year.

  [B] The index keeps track on the trade cost of all sorts of dry goods.

  [C] The index has been breaking records for at least a few years.

  [D] The index is monotonous during this period.

  2.The word “scout” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____

  [A] change

  [B] turn

  [C] seek

  [D] outsource

  3. Australia’s market share of China’s iron-ore imports went through a steep fall because_____

  [A] the ports in Australia are overcrowded.

  [B] the shipping capacity is reduced.

  [C] the iron-ore demand of China is increased greatly.

  [D] the tariffs are imposed on sales of iron ore.

  4. The “oceanic imbalance” between Atlantic and Pacific refers to_____

  [A] the imbalance in dry goods supply.

  [B] the imbalance in dry goods demand.

  [C] the imbalance in shipping ton-miles for the dry goods.

  [D] the imbalance in freight rates.

  5. The bull run of dry goods shipping will most probably be ended by_____

  [A] rise of the shipping ton-miles for the major “dry” goods.

  [B] the shifts in supply and demand.

  [C] the increase of the shipping capacity.

  [D] the launch of new ships in great number.

  文章剖析:

  这篇文章讲述了因干货供需发生变化导致干货船运费用的变化情况。文章第一段讲述波罗的海干货系数目前运行在历史高位;第二段讲述海运价格增长的原因;第三、四段讲述中国铁矿石的需求增加导致船运费用增加;第五段讲述未来一段时间该系数可能的变化。

  词汇注释:

  monotonous adj. 单调的, 令人生厌的 dearth n. 缺乏

  flotilla n. 小型船队 berth v. 停泊

  shipbroker n. 船舶经纪人 scout v. 寻找, 搜索

  难句突破:

  (1) Yet what makes the problem worse (or better, if you are a ship-owner) are the ways in which shifts in supply and demand are altering trade patterns around the world, especially in commodities like iron ore and coal, which are the most frequently traded cargoes in international shipping.

  [主体句式] What makes the problem worse are the ways…

  [结构分析] 这是一个复合句,句子表语the ways后面的定语从句比较复杂。在该从句中,especially in…是句子的状语,最后面以which引导的定语从句是用来修饰前面iron ore and coal的。

  [句子译文] 但更为糟糕的是(或者更好,如果你是船舶主人的话),供需变化正在改变着全世界的贸易形式,特别是像铁矿石和煤炭这样的货物,而这些货物又是国际船运中运送最普遍的货物。

  (2) But it takes three times as long to move cargo from Brazil to China as it does from Australia, which, in effect, reduces shipping capacity for each shipment of Brazilian iron ore to China that comes at Australia's expense.

  [主体句式] But it takes three times as long to move cargo…as…

  [结构分析]这是一个复合句,句子中which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来修饰整个句子的,该从句中that引导的定语从句是用来修饰前面的iron ore to China的。

  [句子译文] 但是从巴西运货物到中国花费的时间是从澳大利亚到中国的三倍,实际上降低了运载量。

  题目分析:

  1. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the Baltic Dry Index?1. 关于波罗的海干货系数下列哪个陈述是正确的?

  [A] The index is increased by 154% compared with the previous year.[A] 和前一年相比,该系数增长了154%。

  [B] The index keeps track on the trade cost of all sorts of dry goods.[B]该系数记录了各种干货的交易成本。

  [C] The index has been breaking records for at least a few years.[C] 该系数已经保持了几年的高位增长。

  [D] The index is monotonous during this period.[D]该系数在这一阶段一直没变。

  [答案] C

  [难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

  [分析] 细节题。第一段有关于该系数的描述。选项A,原文为该系数是上一年系数的154%,也就是增长了54%,因此该陈述错误。选项B,目前该系数在到达历史最高位后有一个回落,但未来走势如何还不能确定。选项C,第一段提到每天这个系数都在刷新记录,现在只是出现了一个回落,那么可以推断该系数处于历史高位。同时,开头第一句话也指出“Breaking records can become monotonous after a while”,可见这种打破纪录式的增长也不是什么新鲜事儿了,而是不断出现的。选项D,从系数每天刷新纪录可以看出,系数一直在变化。因此,选项C是正确描述。

  2.The word “scout” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____2. “scout” (第三段第五行)最有可能的意思是_____

  [A] change.[A] 改变。

  [B] turn.[B] 转向。

  [C] seek.[C] 寻找。

  [D] outsource.[D] 外包。

  [答案] C

  [难度系数] ☆☆☆

  [分析] 猜词题。原文的句子为“Over the years, Chinese steel producers have scouted elsewhere for the metal—mainly in Brazil, where they have secured long-term supply contracts”,该句中文翻译为“这些年来,中国钢铁制造商在其他地方寻找铁矿石,主要是巴西。他们与巴西签署了长期的供应合同”,通过上下文可以发现“寻找”最符合本题的含义。

  3. Australia’s market share of China’s iron-ore imports went through a steep fall because_____3.中国铁矿石进口中澳大利亚的份额减少了是因为_____

  [A] the ports in Australia are overcrowded.[A] 澳大利亚的港口过于拥挤。

  [B] the shipping capacity is reduced.[B] 运输能力下降了。

  [C] the iron-ore demand of China is increased greatly.[C] 中国铁矿石的需求量大增。

  [D] the tariffs are imposed on sales of iron ore.[D] 铁矿石出口征收关税。

  [答案]C

  [难度系数] ☆☆☆

  [分析]推理题。文章第三段提到,澳大利亚和印度现在满足不了中国铁矿石需求的激增,中国不得不到巴西去签订铁矿石合同。因此,澳大利亚占中国铁矿石进口份额减少主要是中国对铁矿石需求增加,它不能够满足这种需求导致的。因此,答案为C选项。

  4. The “oceanic imbalance” between Atlantic and Pacific refers to_____4.太平洋和大西洋之间的“海洋失衡”指的是_____

  [A] the imbalance in dry goods supply.[A] 干货供应的失衡。

  [B] the imbalance in dry goods demand.[B] 干货需求的失衡。

  [C] the imbalance in shipping ton-miles for the dry goods.[C] 干货运输吨/英里存在的失衡。

  [D] the imbalance in freight rates.[D] 运费的失衡。

  [答案]B

  [难度系数] ☆☆☆

  [分析]细节题。文章最后一段提到,大西洋和太平洋存在着“海洋失衡”,虽然需求集中在亚洲,但是供应却是两个大洋,可见选项B为正确答案。

  5. The bull run of dry goods shipping will most probably be ended by_____5. 干货运输的牛市最有可能因为____结束。

  [A] rise of the shipping ton-miles for the major “dry” goods.[A] 主要干货运输吨/英里增加

  [B] the shifts in supply and demand.[B] 供求波动

  [C] the increase of the shipping capacity.[C] 运输能力的提高

  [D] the launch of new ships in great number.[D] 大量新船下水

  [答案]D

  [难度系数] ☆☆

  [分析]细节题。文章最后一段提到,牛市可能于2009年结束,到那时会有大量新船下水。船数量增加,运费就会降低,干货运输系数就可能降低。因此,选项D最为符合题意。都要跨越。那么,这种失衡其实就是干货需求的失衡。

  参考译文:

  不用多久, 打破记录就会变得司空见惯。波罗的海干货系数用来指示全球运送“干”货物的成本的,这些干货包括铁矿石、煤炭以及粮食。该指数在12月13日创下最高记录后于本周出现回落,但仍然是前一年的154%。

  除了货物本身的原因外,海运价格的急剧增长很大程度上是因为中国对原材料的需求。而由于新船舶紧缺,小型船队要经常在过于拥挤的码头等待停泊(特别在澳大利亚),这也使得运输价格高涨。目前从巴西到中国运送铁矿石的费用要比采掘铁矿石本身的费用都要高。但更为糟糕的是(或者更好,如果你是船舶主人的话),供需变化正在改变着全世界的贸易形式,特别是像铁矿石和煤炭这样的货物,而这些货物又是国际船运中运送最普遍的货物。

  就拿铁矿石来说。中国最大的供应商——澳大利亚和印度已经不能满足其日益增长的需求。船舶经纪人公司Icap Hyde称澳大利亚占有中国铁矿石进口的分额已经由15年前的70%降到了去年的40%。今年年初,印度为确保本国工厂有足够的铁矿石供应,增加了出口的铁矿石的关税。这些年来,中国钢铁制造商在其他地方寻找铁矿石,主要是巴西。他们与巴西签署了长期的供应合同。但是从巴西运货物到中国花费的时间是从澳大利亚到中国的三倍,实际上降低了运载量。

  另一方面,JPMorgan的Jon Chappell说,中国以前出口铁矿石数量要比进口多。2001年中国净出口量为8900万吨,而今年出口和进口几乎持平。其他东亚国家,如日本、韩国等以前的煤炭进口主要依靠中国,而现在也不得不从澳大利亚、南非和美洲进口。印度也是一样。除此之外,澳大利亚的旱灾也意味着亚洲进口商必须从美洲来进口粮食。

  Icap Hyde指出,总的来说,大西洋和太平洋之间存在一种“海洋失衡”。虽然需求主要集中在亚洲,但供应却要跨越两洋。主要干货的运输吨/英里数是用来衡量长途船运载量情况,该数据在2001年到2006年之间增长45%。如果有更多的船运需求的话,这对于船运费用是个好消息。所有评论都认为,这种牛市行情能延续到2009年,到那时会有许多新船下水。希望这些船只是用于跨洋船运。

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