2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（三十七）

2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（三十七）

　　考博英语阅读理解题型想要获得高分平日的练习必不可少，新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了100篇考博英语阅读理解模拟练习题，希望考博生们做题时注意时间，认真对待，题后有详细的答案解析。

When Princeton, the University of Virginia,and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissionsoptions because they gave an unfair advantage to affluent students, manycollege counselors held their breath. Would early decision go the way of kegs indormitories? Not for now, at least. Early admission is still going strong atmany colleges and universities, including many top-tier schools.

Early decision in particular--in which a studentcommits to a first-choice institution--is often touted as a plus forboth schools and students. Colleges can lock up half of their class beforeJanuary, and acceptance rates are typically higher than under regularadmission. The major drawback of early decision is that it leavesstudents who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in thecold. By applying early, you must enroll if accepted, so comparing awardswith those of other schools is out of the question. Schools like that, ofcourse, because it helps their bottom line. But there is a possible end run:Ask if a school will release you from your obligation should its aid packagefall short. In some cases, a school will roll you into the regular admissionpool, allowing for comparison shopping come springtime.

While some schools admit almost the samepercentage of applicants during early and regular admission, many favor theearly pool. Johns Hopkins Universitytook 44 percent from its early round and 24 percent from the regular pool.Early birds at Hopkinsmake up a third of this fall's freshman class.Nonetheless, college counselorshave seen borderline students get a boost by applying early decision. "Ifthey aren't legacies, athletes, or an underrepresented minority, early decisionmay be the only hook that some students have," says Jim Conroy, chair ofpost-high-school counseling at New Trier TownshipHigh School in Winnetka, Ill.But you need to be realistic. "If a school is out of your reach, it's outof reach whether you apply early decision, early action, or regularadmission," says Sarah Wilburn, a college counselor at Campus Bound in Quincy, Mass."Move on and set some new goals."

Advantage or not, applying early decision makessense only if you're convinced that a school is a good fit for you. Erin Murraydecided to apply to Dartmouthearly despite the advice of her college counselor and others. They wanted herto beef up her transcript after she had spent a semester of high school inItaly. But theteenager from Cheyenne, Wyo., wisely played up her experienceabroad (her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores didn't hurt, either) andwas accepted. "I probably would have fit well at a number ofschools," she admits, "but Dartmouthwas the only place I could see myself walking across the greens. It was a gutreaction."

If youlack the same certainty but clinching a slot before New Year's is appealing,consider other early admissions plans. Early action is a nonbinding alternativethat allows you to apply by November 1 and hear back before the regularapplication deadline. Some highly selective schools require that you submitonly one early action application--called single-choice early action--meaningyou can't apply early elsewhere. Another option is to apply early to rollingadmissions, where an application that arrives in the fall may stand out morethan one that arrives with most of the others in January.

　　1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision?

　　[A] Early decision is a common strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.

　　[B] Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.

　　[C] Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes and minorities.

　　[D] Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.

　　2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_____

　　[A] students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.

　　[B] it excludes students who are from lower social class or poor family background.

　　[C] it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.

　　[D] it excludes students who want to have comparison shopping.

　　3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that­­­_____

　　[A] early decision is not so advantageous as people think.

　　[B] students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.

　　[C] students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision.

　　[D] students should not limit themselves in early decision.

　　4.Wyo applied to Dartmouth because_____

　　[A] she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad.

　　[B] the university’s beautiful lawn aroused her affection.

　　[C] she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.

　　[D] her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores were not so ideal.

　　5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_____

　　[A] applying to early action.

　　[B] applying to rolling admissions.

　　[C] applying to early decision.

　　[D] applying single-choice early action.

　　文章剖析：

　　这篇文章主要讲述了美国的提前择校制度。文章第一段由美国几所大学宣布要取消择校制度来引出择校制度话题;第二段讲述提前择校的优劣;第三段讲述美国对于提前择校的态度;第四段讲述提前择校适合的学生;第五段将不选择提前择校的学生可以考虑的其他方法。

　　词汇注释：

　　affluent adj. 富裕的 keg n. 小桶

　　tout v. 吹捧 drawback n. 缺点

　　play up 加油, 开始奏乐 notch n. 槽口, 凹口, 得分

　　难句突破：

　　(1) When Princeton, the University of Virginia, and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissions options because they gave an unfair advantage to affluent students, many college counselors held their breath.

　　[主体句式] When…, many college counselors …

　　[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，前面是由when引导的时间状语从句，结构比较复杂;该从句有一个由because引导的原因状语从句，that引导的是宾语从句。

　　[句子译文] 普林斯顿大学、弗吉尼亚大学和哈佛大学去年秋天宣布将取消提前入学选择，因为这是给富裕学生的一种不公平的优待，许多大学顾问都紧张了起来。

　　(2) The major drawback of early decision is that it leaves students who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in the cold.

　　[主体句式] The major drawback is that it leaves students out in the cold.

　　[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，that引导的是表语从句;who引导的定语从句用来修饰前面的students.

　　[句子译文] 提前入学的主要缺点是让那些寻找最好的经济资助的学生们暴露在了冷风中。

　　题目分析：

　　1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision?1. 关于提前择校，下列哪个陈述是错误的?

　　[A] Early decision is a common strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.[A] 提前择校是各个大学广泛采用的做法，目的在于保证学生的入学率。

　　[B] Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.[B] 美国顶级大学开始放弃提前择校的做法。

　　[C] Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes, and minorities.[C]提前择校是给与富有学生、运动员和少数民族的特殊待遇。

　　[D] Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.[D] 提前择校还会实行很长一段时间。

　　[答案] C

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。选项A，第二段提到学校欢迎提前择校是因为可以保证其底线，也就是入学率，因此该选项的说法是正确的。选项B，文章一开头就指出一些顶尖大学开始提出要放弃提前择校的做法，因此B选项的表述符合文章的意思;C，文章第三段提到了提前择校对富有学生、运动员和少数民族这三类人的好处，但是文章也指出这种做法也是为了保证学校的入学率，不是完全为了这三种人设立的特殊待遇，因此，该陈述有问题;D，从第一段可以看出，提前择校不会马上取消、而且在一些学校愈演愈烈，因此该表述也与文章相符。因此，C选项为正确答案。

　　2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_____2. 提前择校的主要缺点在于_____

　　[A] students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.[A]如果选择了提前择校，学生能够得到的资助计划就不那么吸引人。

　　[B] it exclude students who are from lower social class or poor family background.[B]将那些来自社会底层和贫穷家庭的学生排除在外。

　　[C] it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.[C]不允许学生选择其他更好的学校。

　　[D] it excludes students who want to have comparison shopping. [D]将那些想要比较资助优厚与否的学生排除在外。

　　[答案]D

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析]细节题。文章第三段提到，提前择校的最大缺点就是把那些想要寻求最好的经济资助的学生们暴露在了冷风中，也就是把他们排除在外。因为如果你提前择校并且被学校录取，那就必须入学，这样就没办法和其他学校比较看看有没有学校提供更好的奖学金了。因此，选项中D最为符合题意。

　　3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that­­­_____3. Sarah Wilburn想要建议学生的是_____

　　[A] early decision is not so advantageous as people think.[A]提前择校并没有人们想象中那么有利。

　　[B] students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.[B]学生们不应当把提前择校看作是进入大学的唯一途径。

　　[C] students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision. [C]学生们在提前择校前应当客观地估量自己的实力。

　　[D] students should not limit themselves in early decision.[D]学生们不应当把自己局限在提前择校上。

　　[答案]C

　　[难度系数] ☆

　　[分析]推理题。Sarah说的是：“如果你没有资格到某个学效，那么不管你是否填了提前入学申请或一般申请都一样，接下来你就得一直前进，设定新的目标。”而结合上下文，上面说学生们应当现实一些。可以推断，她是要告诉学生如果你自己不能达到一个学校的标准，那么不管你是不是提前择校都不会被录取，你应当再去寻找新的目标，适合自己的学校。选项中，D最为符合这个意思。

　　4.Wyo applied to Dartmouth because_____4. Wyo申请到达特茅斯大学是因为_____

　　[A] she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad.[A] 她有在国外的经历。

　　[B] the university’s beautiful lawn aroused her affection.[B] 她喜欢学校里的草坪。

　　[C] she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.[C] 她觉得她只适合达特茅斯。

　　[D] her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores were not so ideal.[D] 她的4.0 GPA和高分不是那么理想。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

　　[分析]细节题。文章第四段提到Wyo的个案，她自己说：“我可能感觉好多学校都适合我，但是达特茅斯是唯一我可以看到自己漫步走遍绿地的地方。这是一种内心的反应。” 可以看出，她之所以申请这所学校是因为喜欢学校的绿地，喜欢在那里漫步的心情。因此，B为正确答案。

　　5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_____5.学生们如果不能确定自己该申请哪个学校，那么他们可以选择除了_____之外的其他方法。

　　[A] applying to early action.[A] 申请提前行动

　　[B] applying to rolling admissions.[B] 申请滚动入学

　　[C] applying to early decision.[C] 申请提前择校

　　[D] applying single-choice early action.[D] 申请单一选择提前行动

　　[答案]C

　　[难度系数] ☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。文章第五段提到，学生如果不能确定自己该申请哪个学校，但又不想落空的话有两种选择，一种是提前行动，一种是申请滚动入学;而提前择校是学生已经确定自己要去哪个学校时才采取的方法。因此，C选项为正确答案。

　　参考译文：

　　普林斯顿大学、弗吉尼亚大学和哈佛大学去年秋天宣布将取消提前入学选择，因为这是给富裕学生的一种不公平的优待，许多大学顾问都紧张了起来。提前择校是不是要和宿舍小桶事件如出一辙?起码现在不是这样的。提前择校在许多大学和学院中依然愈演愈烈，包括许多一流学校。

　　提前择校时指学生指定到首选学校上学，这种方式常被吹嘘为对学校和学生都有利。大学可以在1月前就确保其大半课程的人数，接受率一般要比正常入学的高。提前入学的主要缺点是让那些寻找最好的经济资助的学生们暴露在了冷风中。如果他们提前申请，那么如果一旦学校接受他们就必须得入学，因此无法比较其他学校的奖学金。当然，学校喜欢这种做法，因为这可以帮助他们达到底线。也有个迂回方法，学生在申请时可以先问问学校如果其助学金不多是否将自己放行。在有些情况下，学校可以把你加入正常入学学生的名单中，这样学生就可以在春天的时候选择学校了。

　　一些学校称提前和正常入学学生的申请人数几乎一样，但是许多学校都更倾向于录取提前入学的学生。约翰斯·霍普金斯大学从申请提前入学学生中选了45%，从申请正常入学学生中选了24%。霍普金斯提前入学的学生占当年秋季入学一年级班级的1/3。不过，学校顾问们发现一些态度不明确的学生如果申请了提前入学可以得到一些帮助。“如果他们不是遗产继承人、运动员或未被充分代表的少数民族，那么提前入学可能就是一些学生的必然选择。”Winnetka的New Tier镇中学后高中咨询中心主席Jim Conroy说道。但是你必须要现实一些。马萨诸塞州昆西校园约束顾问Sarah Wilburn说，“如果你没有资格到某个学效，那么不管你填写了提前入学申请或一般申请你都还是没有资格，接下来你得设定新的目标才行。”

　　不论是否有利，除非你需要坚信某所学校是非常适合你的，否则的话不要急于采取行动。Erin Murray 决定提前申请达特茅斯学校，尽管她的大学顾问和其他人都不让她去。他们希望她先去意大利读完一个学期的高中后就可以加强她的成绩单竞争力了。而十几岁的夏安族学生Wyo却聪明地强调提到自己在国外的经验(4.0 GPA和高分也都没有负面影响)，后来获得了该校的录取通知书。“我感觉好多学校都可能适合我，” 她承认说，“但是达特茅斯是唯一一个我可以看到自己漫步绿地的地方。这是一种内心的反应。”

　　如果你没有Wyo那么确定但却希望在新年前作出决定，那么就考虑一下其他提前入学计划吧。提前入学是种没有限制的选择，你可以在11月1日前申请，在一般的申请中止之前静候佳音。一些严格的学校要求你只能提交一份提前申请，叫做“单一选择提前申请”，意思是你不能在别的地方再提前申请。另外一个选择是提前申请到入学名单中，在秋天之前就能拿到申请表，而不是和其他人一样在一月份才能拿到。

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