2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（四十五）

2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（四十五）

　　考博英语阅读理解题型想要获得高分平日的练习必不可少，新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了100篇考博英语阅读理解模拟练习题，希望考博生们做题时注意时间，认真对待，题后有详细的答案解析。

The idea thatmobile phones bring economic benefits is now widely accepted. In places withbad roads, few trains and parlous land lines, they substitute fortravel, allow price data to be distributed more quickly and easily, enable tradersto reach wider markets and generally ease the business of doing business.Leonard Waverman of the London Business School has estimated that an extra tenmobile phones per 100 people in a typical developing country leads to an extrahalf a percentage point of growth in GDP per person.To realise the economic benefits of mobile phones, governments in suchcountries need to do away with state monopolies, issue new licences to allowrival operators to enter the market and slash taxes on handsets. With few exceptions(hallo, Ethiopia), they have done so, and mobile phones are now spreading fast,even in the poorest parts of the world.

As mobile phoneshave spread, a new economic benefit is coming into view: using them forbanking, and so improving access to financial services, not just telecomsnetworks. Pioneering m-banking projects in the Philippines, Kenya and SouthAfrica show the way. These “branchless” schemes typically allow customers todeposit and withdraw cash through a mobile operator's airtime-resale agents,and send money to other people via text messages that can be exchanged for cashby visiting an agent. Workers can then be paid by phone; taxi-drivers anddelivery-drivers can accept payments without carrying cash around; money can beeasily sent to friends and family. A popular use is to deposit money beforemaking a long journey and then withdraw it at the other end, which is saferthan carrying lots of cash.

There is no need toset up a national network of branches or cash machines. M-banking schemes canbe combined with microfinance loans, extending access to credit and enablingusers to establish a credit history. Some schemes issue customers with debitcards linked to their m-banking accounts. All this has the potential to givethe “unbanked” masses access to financial services, and bring them into theformal economy.

What cangovernments do to foster m-banking? As with the spread of mobile phonesthemselves, a lot depends on putting the right regulations in place. They needto be tight enough to protect users and discourage money laundering, but openenough to allow new services to emerge. The existing banking model is bothover- and under-protective, says Tim Lyman of the World Bank, because “it didnot foresee the convergence of telecommunications and financialservices.”

Inmany countries only licensed banks are allowed to collect deposits. Even ifa mobile operator forms a partnership with a bank, its agents may have tocomply with banking rules covering everything from the height of the counter tothe installation of alarms. Financial institutions may have to providedetailed statements to the central bank every week, which is tricky fororganisations with agents in remote areas. Some countries have rigid rules onthe documents demanded of anybody opening an account, which excludes many.

　　1. The following are advantages of economic services through mobile phones except that_____

　　[A] price data can be distributed quicky and easily.

　　[B] traders can extend their market.

　　[C] doing business is more convenient.

　　[D] the growth of GDP per person can be greatly promoted.

　　2.Which one of the following statements is TURE of the m-banking schemes?

　　[A] They can prevent safer services than the traditional banking.

　　[B] They could provide the customers with credit services

　　[C] They have been experimented in some developing countrie.

　　[D] They could encourage people to use fiancial services

　　3. The word “convergence” (Line 5, Paragraph 4) most probably means_____

　　[A] conversation.

　　[B] combination.

　　[C] similarity.

　　[D] exchange.

　　4.Towards m-banking, the governments’ attitudes can be said to be_____

　　[A] supportive.

　　[B] opposing.

　　[C] indifferent.

　　[D] unclear.

　　5. The best title of this passage can be_____

　　[A] Economic Benefits Brought by Mobile Phone.

　　[B] M-banking—Marriage of Mobile Phone and Banking.

　　[C] Mobile Phone Used for Banking.

　　[D] The Pioneering M-banking Schemes.

　　文章剖析：

　　这篇文章介绍了移动电话的新型银行业务。第一段讲述移动电话带来的经济利益;第二、三段讲述利用移动电话的一种新的银行业务;第四、五段讲述目前的银行法令法规对这种移动银行新业务的限制。

　　词汇注释:

　　parlous n. 危险的 debit n. 借方

　　convergence n. 汇聚，会合

　　难句突破：

　　(1) These “branchless” schemes typically allow customers to deposit and withdraw cash through a mobile operator's airtime-resale agents, and send money to other people via text messages that can be exchanged for cash by visiting an agent.

　　[主体句式]These schemes allow customers to…, and send money to…

　　[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，谓语是并列的两个动词结构，后面的结构中that引导的定语从句用来修饰前面的text messages。

　　[句子译文] 这些“无行”方案允许顾客通过移动运营商的空中转售代理商来存取现金，也可以通过文本信息把钱支付给对方，对方只需找到代理商就可以换成现金。

　　(2) Even if a mobile operator forms a partnership with a bank, its agents may have to comply with banking rules covering everything from the height of the counter to the installation of alarms.

　　[主体句式] Even if…, its agents may…

　　[结构分析] 这是一个复合句, 主句中covering…现在分词短语做前面banking rules的定语。

　　[句子译文]即使是移动运营商和银行建立了合作关系，其职员也必须服从银行的规则，这些规则包罗万象，从柜台的高度到报警器的安装都有说明。

　　题目分析：

　　1. The following are advantages of economic services through mobile phones except that_____1.以下除了_____外是移动电话经济服务的优点。

　　[A] price data can be distributed quicky and easily.[A] 价格数据可以快速、方便地传递

　　[B] traders can extend their market.[B] 商人可以扩展自己的市场

　　[C] doing business is more convenient.[C] 做生意更为方便

　　[D] the growth of GDP per person can be greatly promoted.[D] 人均GDP的增长会得到巨大的推动

　　[答案]D

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。文章第一段讲述了移动电话经济服务的一些情况，选项A第一段有提及;选项B，文章也提到了上人们可以拥有更为广阔的市场;选项C， 第一段也提到了可以使得做生意更为简单;选项D，虽然文中第一段提到“伦敦商业学校的Leonard Waverman预计在典型的发展中国家，每百人再多10部移动电话就可以使人均GDP多增加0.5个百分点”，但是实际情况是否如此并没有说明。因此，D选项为正确答案。

　　2.Which one of the following statements is TURE of the m-banking shemes?2. 关于移动银行项目, 下列哪个陈述是正确的?

　　[A] They can prevent safer services than the traditional banking.[A] 项目相对传统的银行来说更加安全。

　　[B] They could provide the customers with credit services[B] 项目可以为顾客提供信用卡服务。

　　[C] They have been experimented in some developing countries.[C] 项目已经在一些发展中国家进行了试验。

　　[D] They could encourage people to use fiancial services.[D] 项目可以鼓励人们使用金融服务。

　　[答案]C

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。选项A，根据第三段， 项目可以让顾客免于携带现金，这样更为安全一些，但是这并不是和传统的银行业相比较的，是否比其安全有待今后观察;选项B，第四段可以看出，该项目可以和信用卡连接上，提供相关服务;选项C，第三段指出在菲律宾、南非等国家的有一些开拓性项目，这些都是发展中国家，该陈述正确;选项D，第四段指出，项目可以使那些不用银行的人开始使用银行服务。选项C为正确答案。

　　3. The word “convergence” (Line 5, Paragraph 4) most probably means_____3. “convergence” (第四段第五行)最有可能的意思是­­_____

　　[A] conversation.[A] 对话。

　　[B] combination.[B] 结合。

　　[C] similarity.[C] 相似。

　　[D] exchange.[D] 交流。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆

　　[分析] 猜词题。本篇文章讲述的是将移动电话作为媒介运用到银行业中，根据上下文，现有的银行模式要不就是保护性过强，要不就是保护力度不够，因为没有预见到移动电话和银行可以结合起来。选项中B最为符合题意。

　　4.Towards m-banking, the governments’ attitudes can be said to be_____4. 政府对于移动银行的态度可以说是­­­­_____

　　[A] supportive.[A] 支持的。

　　[B] opposing.[B] 反对的。

　　[C] indifferent.[C] 中立的。

　　[D] unclear.[D] 不明了的。

　　[答案]D

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。文章最后两段提到政府在培育移动银行服务方面可以做的工作，目前政府对于银行的一些法律条令不能有效地推进该服务，但是至于政府对这种新事物的态度，文章却没有提及。因此，答案为D选项。

　　5. The best title of this passage can be_____5. 文章最好的题目是_____

　　[A] Economic Benefits Brought by Mobile Phone.[A] 移动电话带来的经济利益。

　　[B] M-banking—Marriage of Mobile Phone and Banking.[B] 移动银行—移动电话与银行的结合。

　　[C] Mobile Phone Used for Banking.[C] 用于银行服务的移动电话。

　　[D] The Pioneering M-banking Schemes.[D] 移动银行试验项目。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 主旨题。这篇文章主要介绍了一种新的银行模式——移动电话银行，在给出的题目中，C选项重点放在了手机上;A选项重点在于带来的经济效益，移动电话银行只是其中一种;D选项只是文章讲述的一部分;B选项最为恰当。

　　参考模式：

　　移动电话可以带来经济效益，这个想法现在已广为接受。在那些公路路况糟糕、几乎没有火车，陆上线路危险的地方，移动电话可以代替行路、可以让价格数据更快更方便地发布出去、可以让商人获得更大的市场，因此总的来说可以让做生意更为便捷。伦敦商学院的Leonard Waverman预计在典型的发展中国家，每百人中增加10部移动电话就可以使人均GDP增加0.5个百分点。为了实现移动电话的经济效益，这些国家的政府需要消除国家垄断，并发布新的许可证以允许竞争运营商进入市场，同时削减手机税收。除了几个国家之外(如埃塞俄比亚)，大多数国家已经这样做了，现在即使在世界上最穷的地方，移动电话也扩展得很快。

　　随着移动电话的普及，新的经济利益也出现了：用移动电话办理银行业务，从而改进金融服务渠道，而不仅限于电信网络。菲律宾、肯尼亚和南非的尝试已经为电子银行项目指出了前景。这些“无行”方案允许顾客通过移动运营商的空中转售代理商来存取现金，也可以通过文本信息把钱支付给对方，对方只需找到代理商就可以换成现金。员工们也可以通过电话来领工资;出租车司机和货运司机可以接受付款却不用带着现金到处跑，同时钱也可以便捷地送到朋友和家人手中。现在比较流行的做法是：长假开始前先存钱，到了目的地再取出来，这要比携带大笔现金安全多了。

　　建立全国性分行系统和取款机网络也是没有必要的。移动电话银行项目可以与微型金融贷款相结合，从而扩张到信用领域，并为用户建立一个信用历史。一些系统为顾客发行信用卡，可以连接到他们的电子银行账户。这些系统就有潜力使“不去银行的”一大部分人获得金融服务，引领他们进入正式的经济体系。

　　那么政府可以采取什么措施来发展电子银行呢?随着移动电话的扩展，这在很大程度上取决于能否制定出合理的规则。规则应当严格一些，以保护用户、打击洗钱，但也要适当开放、允许新的业务出现。世界银行的Tim Lyman说，现有的银行模式要不就过于保护，要不就是保护不力，因为“它没有预见到电信和金融服务会汇集到一点。”

　　在许多国家中，只有拥有许可证的银行才可有权存款。即使是移动运营商和银行建立了合作关系，其职员也必须服从银行的规则，这些规则包罗万象，从柜台的高度到报警器的安装都有说明。金融机构可能每周得向中央银行提供详细的说明，这对于那些职员在偏远地区的组织来说是非常讨厌的一件事情。一些国家对于任何开户人的档案有严格的要求，这使得许多人都被排除在外。

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