2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（四十七）

2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（四十七）

　　考博英语阅读理解题型想要获得高分平日的练习必不可少，新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了100篇考博英语阅读理解模拟练习题，希望考博生们做题时注意时间，认真对待，题后有详细的答案解析。

He gave no steeron future interest-rate decisions and no assessment of where he sees theeconomy going. Yet Ben Bernanke's speech at the Cato Institute in Washington, DC, on November 14th may be judged as the one in which hestamped his mark on America's monetary policy.

The Federal Reserve'schief used his speech to unveil the central bank's new strategy forcommunicating with the public. In short, the Fed plans to talk more—and moreoften—about its assessment of the economic outlook. While the Fed is not aboutto join the band of central banks that are guided by an explicit goal forprices, it will borrow some of the inflation-targeters' clothes. More than oneFed-watcher dubbed the new public-relations policy “inflation targeting-lite”.Until now, the Fed has published two forecasts a year. Starting on November20th it will publish projections once a quarter. The end-point for forecastswill be pushed out from two to three years hence. And alongside the forecastswill be a “narrative” that gives more detail on the differences on the FederalOpen Market Committee (FOMC), the Fed's rate-settingbody.

Lengthening theforecasts from two to three years is more important than it sounds. Three-yearforecasts should be untainted by transitory factors that blow theeconomy off course. As a result, they will say a lot about how quicklypolicymakers think the economy can grow and how low they believe the joblessrate can safely go. And since forecasts are conditional on an “appropriate”setting for monetary policy, the longer-term projections will reveal theinflation rate the FOMC is aiming for. If viewsdiverge, then Fed-watchers will have not one but several inflation “targets” tofocus on.

Ever the diplomat,Mr Bernanke said that the new communications set-up is a “work in progress” andstressed it would not affect policy decisions. Yet his speech gives a clearsense of the kind of central bank he wants to run. The emphasis on providing adeeper insight into the spread of views on the FOMCsignals a different approach from that of his predecessor, Alan Greenspan. MrBernanke said allowing diverse views reduces the risk that one voice becomes “undulydominant”.

Another theme is a more prominent role forexplicit benchmarks. Mr Bernanke acknowledged that his preference for aninflation target is not compatible with the Fed's “dual mandate”, which putsthe goal of maximum employment on an equal footing with price stability. But hehas nevertheless managed to find a way to get the Fed to be much clearer aboutits objectives. He acknowledged that one benefit of extending the Fed'sforecasts for an extra year is that it will provide “an evaluation of certainlong-run features of the economy.” And by agreeing to publish forecasts forheadline inflation, as well as the less volatile core data, Mr Bernanke has alsoaddressed the growing perception that the Fed thinks fast-rising food andenergy costs are not its problem

Thisis an opportune time to make the Fed's policymaking more open. As Mr Bernankemade clear, greater transparency will bolster the Fed's legitimacy and helppreserve its independence. Since recent readings on inflation and activity aresending conflicting signals, the Fed will need an understanding and informedpublic if it is to make the right choices.

　　1. Which one of the following is not the change brought by the new strategy?

　　[A] Economic forecasts will be issued at a higher frequency.

　　[B] More details will be provided on economic outlook.

　　[C] The Fed’s functions begin to resemble those of the central banks of other countries.

　　[D] It if of significant importance to lengthen the forecasting years.

　　2. The “inflation-targeters” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) refers to_____

　　[A] Fed-watchers.

　　[B] central banks.

　　[C] the rate-setting body.

　　[D] the public.

　　3. The word “untainted” (Line 2, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____

　　[A] affected.

　　[B] uninfluenced .

　　[C] unmarked.

　　[D] guided .

　　4. Compared with the approach of his predecessor, Mr Bernanke’s approach is more_____

　　[A] complex.

　　[B] democratic.

　　[C] reasonable.

　　[D] practical.

　　5. The second theme of Mr Bernanke’s speech is that______

　　[A] the goal of price stability is not supposed to be of the same importance as that of maximum employment.

　　[B] it is very important to set a clear standpoint.

　　[C] the Fed should establish new ways to find better objects.

　　[D] inflation target should be the main focus for the coming economic forcasts.

　　文章剖析：

　　这篇文章讲述了美国联邦储备局的新策略。第一段讲述了Ben Bernanke发表的一个演讲;第二段讲述联储的新政策就是更加透明，和公众交流增加;第三、四段讲述新政策允许有不同观点的存在;第五段讲述Bernanke先生希望联储可以给出明确的选择;第六段总的讲述新政策的优点。

　　词汇注释：

　　untainted adj. 无污点的 unduly adv. 过度地

　　benchmark n. 基准点 volatile adj. 不稳定的

　　bolster v. 支持

　　难句突破：

　　(1) As a result, they will say a lot about how quickly policymakers think the economy can grow and how low they believe the jobless rate can safely go.

　　[主体句式] They will say a lot about how… and how…

　　[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，about后面的宾语从句是由how引导的两个并列的疑问句。

　　[句子译文] 因此，经济预测将会更多涉及决策者认为经济发展会有多快、失业率能安全地降到多少。

　　(2) And by agreeing to publish forecasts for headline inflation, as well as the less volatile core data, Mr Bernanke has also addressed the growing perception that the Fed thinks fast-rising food and energy costs are not its problem.

　　[主体句式] Mr Bernanke has also addressed…

　　[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，前面by…为句子的方式状语，后面that引导的是perception的定语。

　　[句子译文] Bernanke先生同意发布总通货膨胀预测以及比较稳定的中心数据，他还提到联储认为飞速上涨的食品和能源价格并不是它的问题。

　　题目分析：

　　1. Which one of the following is not the change brought by the new strategy?1. 下列哪个不是新政策带来的变化?

　　[A] Economic forecasts will be issued at a higher frequency. [A] 经济预报频率会更高。

　　[B] More details will be provided on economic outlook.[B] 对经济前景给出更多的细节。

　　[C] The Fed’s functions begin to resemble those of the central banks of other countries.[C] 联储的作用开始变得和其他国家的中央银行相似。

　　[D] It is of significant importance to lengthen the forecasting years.[D] 延长预报年限具有重要的意义。

　　[答案]C

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。选项A，第二段提到联储要增多并更为经常地对经济前景进行评论。因此，该陈述正确，选项B也是正确的。C选项，第二段提到“联储备不会加入明确以价格为目的的中央银行群”，而至于其功能于其他国家中央银行功能的比较在文中没有说明，因此那么该陈述是错误的;D，第二段提到了这一点，后面几段也反复提到了这点。因此，C选项为正确答案。

　　2. The “inflation-targeters” (Line 4, Paragraph2) refers to_____2. “inflation-targeters”(第二段第四行)指的是_____

　　[A] Fed-watchers.[A] 联邦储备观察员。

　　[B] central banks.[B] 中央银行。

　　[C] the rate-setting body.[C] 利率设定机构。

　　[D] the public.[D] 公众。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。根据上下文，本句为“虽然联邦储备系统不会加入明确地以价格为目的的中央银行群，但却打算借这位以价格上涨为目标的群体一些外衣。” 中央银行群以价格为目的，那么可以推断出这里说的“以价格上涨为目标的”就是中央银行。

　　3. The word “untainted” (Line 2, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____2. “untained”(第三段第二行)最可能的意思为_____

　　[A] affected.[A] 影响。

　　[B] uninfluenced.[B] 不受影响。

　　[C] unmarked.[C] 未被注意到的。

　　[D] guided.[D] 指导的。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆

　　[分析]猜词题。根据上下文，将经济预报定为三年，因为期限增长，就不会受到短期因素的影响。因此，选项B最为符合题意。

　　4. Compared with the approach of his predecessor, Mr Bernanke’s approach is more_____3. 和他前任的方法相比，Bernanke的方法更为_____

　　[A] complex.[A] 复杂。

　　[B] democratic.[B] 民主。

　　[C] reasonable.[C] 合理。

　　[D] practical.[D] 实际。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。根据第四段，Bernanke的方法和前任不同的就是他强调允许有不同的观点存在，因此，他的方法相对来说更为民主一些。选项B最为符合题意。

　　5. The second theme of Mr Bernanke’s speech is that______5. Bernanke先生的第二个主题为_____

　　[A] the goal of price stability is not supposed to be of the same importance as that of maximum employment.[A] 价格稳定的目标不如就业最大化的目标重要。

　　[B] it is very important to set a clear standpoint.[B] 确定清晰的立足点非常重要。

　　[C] the Fed should establish new ways to find better objects.[C] 联储应该建立寻找更好目标的机制。

　　[D] inflation target should be the main focus for the coming economic forecasts.[D]对于以后的经济预测来说，通胀目标应该是其主要的焦点。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。第五段提到了Bernanke先生提到的第二个主题，他认为联储应当给出更为明确的目标，而不是觉得最大程度的就业和价格稳定一样重要，因此，明确的基准点很重要。选项B最为符合题意，而A选项是明显错误的。C和D选项都不是第二个主题的重点内容。

　　参考译文：

　　Ben Bernanke没有表示今后利率会如何调整变化，也没有评论经济会有如何的走势，但是他于11月14日在华盛顿特区加图学院的讲话可以表明他对美国货币政策的看法来。

　　通过这次演讲，这位美联储主席揭示了中央银行和公众交流的新政策。简要地说，联储计划要增加对经济前景评论的频率。虽然联储不会加入明确以价格为目的的中央银行群，但却打算借用这些以通胀为目标的群体的外衣。不止一位联储观察员认为新的公众关系策略是“以通货膨胀为目的”。直到现在，联储在一年内已经发布了两次经济预测。从11月20日起，它将于每季度发布一次经济预测。而经济预测的年限将从两年推到三年。除了经济预测外，还有关于联邦开放市场委员会(联储利率设定机构)变化细节的陈述。

　　将经济预测从两年延长至三年，这点要比听起来更要重要。三年的经济预测不受那些会使经济脱离轨道等短期因素的影响。因此，经济预测将会更多涉及决策者认为经济发展会有多快、失业率能安全地降到多少。而因为预测取决于货币政策是否“合理”制定，长期计划可以表示联邦开放市场委员会对于通货膨胀率的目标。如果意见有分歧，联储观察员就不得不关注一个通货膨胀“目标”。

　　Bernanke先生曾经担任过大使，他说建立新的交流是一项“正在进行的工作”，并强调这不会影响决策。但是他的讲话明说明知了他希望运行怎样的中央银行。他强调要对联邦开放市场委员会发表的意见有更为深刻的认识，这一点体现了他与其前任Alan Greenspan完全不同的策略。Bernanke先生说允许有不同观点存在可以避免出现一种声音的“过分独裁”。

　　另外个主题是明确基准点的重要性。Bernanke先生承认他对通胀目标的偏好与联储的“双委任”有冲突，“双委任” 把最大程度的就业和价格稳定视为同等重要。但是他仍然希望找到一种方法可以让联储给出更为明确的目标。他认为将联储预测延长一年的好处就是可以提供“经济长期发展特征的评估”。Bernanke先生同意发布总通货膨胀预测以及比较稳定的中心数据，他还提到联储认为飞速上涨的食品和能源价格并不是它的问题。

　　这是使得联储更为公开的一个契机。正如Bernanke先生所说，增加透明度可以支持联储的合理性，并有助于保持其独立性。因为人们对于通胀和活动的看法有一些分歧，如果联邦储备系统要做出正确的抉择，就需要有理解力的、消息灵通的公众。

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