2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（二十一）

2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（二十一）

　　考博英语阅读理解题型想要获得高分平日的练习必不可少，新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了100篇考博英语阅读理解模拟练习题，希望考博生们做题时注意时间，认真对待，题后有详细的答案解析。

　　Maintaining internal E-mail systems has long been the bane of the university information-technology director. Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially as forward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer. The solution for a number of colleges has been to wave the white flag and outsource E-mail hosting to the experts.

　　Microsoft, which owns Hotmail, and Google (Gmail) are the biggest players in the educational E-mail hosting market. Along with the neat-o peripheral gizmos like messaging, calendars, and collaboration tools, the outsourced systems are more stable, have better spam filters, and provide much more storage space than the typical university's in-house system. At the University of Pennsylvania, its old E-mail service gave students 60 megabytes of storage, just 3 percent of the 2 gigabytes Windows Live now provides. In return, Google and Microsoft get almost nothing, at least monetarily and in the short term. Microsoft's Windows Live @ edu and the Google Apps Education Edition are free of charge for schools. Eliminating another source of revenue, the two tech giants stripped their respective services of advertising in an effort to accommodate educators' concerns. Microsoft breaks even on the venture (it does run ads on non-E-mail services like instant messaging), while Google, which makes almost all its money through advertising, runs at a loss.

　　But what money they don't make at the moment will—the companies hope—pay great dividends in the form of lifelong users in the future, says Google's Jeff Kelter. As quickly as they shuffle out of commencement, graduates see their E-mail transition to the traditional ad-based formats of Gmail and Hotmail. And unlike before, when universities couldn't afford to host thousands of alumni, Google and Microsoft can maintain every account indefinitely, retaining customers as long as customers still want them.

　　Not all schools are ready to outsource their tech dirty work, with privacy and security topping the list of concerns. Critics worry that by handing over the responsibility of E-mail hosting, colleges also relinquish the freedom to keep the information safe in the best way they see fit. Even in the corporate world, there is great skepticism of consumer technologies like Google Apps. Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Google projects.

　　The price tag—or lack of one—isn't a bad sales pitch either. Ramin Sedehi, the vice dean for finance and administration at Penn, says 30 percent of Penn's students already forward their messages to outside clients, and he predicts universities will eventually be out of the E-mail hosting business altogether. Ball State University and the Indiana University Alumni Association are now on Windows Live, and Arizona State University switched to Google Apps in October 2006, already converting at least 40,000 of its 65,000 students to the new system. Penn State University and California Polytechnic State University, to name two, have been in talks, while other schools are watching and waiting.

　　1. The number of student complaints has grown exponentially because_____

　　[A] the school servers are unwieldy and unreliable.

　　[B] the information-technology director is not the expert in providing IT-related assistance.

　　[C] the internal E-mail systems are much more backward than those commercially successful email systems.

　　[D] there are no collaboration tools in the internal E-mail systems.

　　2. Microsoft and Google do not run ads on the E-mail systems for schools because_____

　　[A] they want to cater to the requirements of their clients.

　　[B] they are sponsored by schools and do not need the revenue from ads.

　　[C] they want to build up a unique community with life-long loyalty.

　　[D] they want to maintain the stability of the systems at the present.

　　3. Compared with the universities, the advantage of Goole and Microsoft in hosting accounts of alumni is _____

　　[A] that they can reserve every account with minimum charge.

　　[B] that they can retain every account at customers’ wish.

　　[C] that they can maintain every account as long as the customers want.

　　[D] that they can keep every account fro free in a long term.

　　4. The two giants persist in providing the E-mail services though they run at a loss because_____

　　[A] they believe they will have good returns from the would-be lifelong users in the future.

　　[B] it is part of their social commitment to return the society through contributing to education.

　　[C] their strategy is to make profit through advertisement to university alumni.

　　[D] they want the students to propagandize for their projects.

　　5. The word “relinquish” (Line 3, Paragraph 4)most probably means_____

　　[A] lose.

　　[B] abandon.

　　[C] exchange.

　　[D]waste.

　　文章剖析：

　　这篇文章介绍了大学将自己的电邮系统外包给微软、谷歌等公司。第一段讲述大学自己经营电邮系统的缺陷;第二段讲述外包电邮系统的优点;第三段讲述外包商的策略;第四段讲述外包存在的一些问题;第五段讲述目前大学电邮系统外包的情况。

　　词汇注释:

　　bane n. 祸害;害人精 unwieldy adj. 难操纵的, 难控制的

　　exponentially adv. 指数地，幂数地 gizmo n. 小玩意儿，小发明

　　spam n. 兜售信息[邮件，广告，新闻，文章]

　　dividend n. 红利 shuffle out of v. 笨拙地脱下

　　alumni n. 毕业生, 校友 relinquish v.放弃

　　难句突破：

　　(1) Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially as forward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer.

　　[主体句式] Severs are…, and the number has grown…

　　[结构分析] 这是一个并列句，后面分句结构比较复杂;该分句是带有as引导的原因状语从句的复杂句，前面in the past several years是状语。

　　[句子译文]在过去的几年中，学生抱怨的数量呈指数增长，而不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail、Gmail更多考虑电子邮件能提供什么服务。

　　(2) Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Google projects.

　　[主体句式] Most university IT managers agree that… and praise has done …

　　[结构分析] 这是一个并列句。前面的分句以that引导的宾语从句中，protecting …是现在分词结构作前面job的定语;后面的分句to引导的是目的状语。

　　[句子分析] 但是大多大学IT负责人认为比起他们自己的小型程序，外包可以更好地保护个人邮件免受病毒和广告的侵扰，而学生们对这些系统的口头赞扬已经为微软和谷歌的项目补充了那些几乎不存在的市场预算。

　　题目分析:

　　1. The number of student complaints has grown exponentially because_____1. 学生抱怨的数量急剧增加是因为__

　　[A] the school servers are unwieldy and unreliable.[A] 学校的服务器难控制、不稳定。

　　[B] the information-technology director is not the expert in providing IT-related assistance.[B] 信息技术主任不是能够提供IT相关帮助的专家。

　　[C] the internal E-mail systems are much more backward than those commercially successful email systems.[C] 内部电邮系统与那些商业上非常成功邮件系统相比要落后得多。

　　[D] there are no collaboration tools in the internal E-mail systems.[D] 内部电邮系统没有协作工具。

　　[答案]C

　　[难度分析] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。文章第一段提到随着不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail、Gmail不断更新电邮的服务项目，学生的抱怨越来越多，可以看出，学生抱怨数量的增多是因为相对于学校之外那些商业上非常成功的电邮系统，内部电邮系统跟不上进步。因此，选项C最为符合题意。A选项也有一定道理，但是不如C选项概括精确。B和D选项很显然不是主要的原因。

　　2. Microsoft and Google do not run ads on the E-mail systems for schools because_____2. 微软和谷歌提供给学校的电邮系统上没有广告是因为_____

　　[A] they want to cater to the requirements of their clients.[A] 他们想迎合客户的要求。

　　[B] they are sponsored by schools and do not need the revenue from ads.[B] 他们得到了学校提供的资金，因此没有必要从广告中赚取收入。

　　[C] they want to build up a unique community with life-long loyalty.[C] 他们想要建立一个特别的社区，使人们对他们一生都忠诚地使用他们的系统。

　　[D] they want to maintain the stability of the systems at the present.[D] 他们在目前想要维护该系统的稳定。

　　[答案] A

　　[难度分析] ☆☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。文章在第二段提到这两大巨头将各自的广告项目都从该系统移除了，这是为了照顾教育家们的担忧，那么可以推断，是因为教育家担忧学校系统有广告会影响教育，因此两个公司才有这样的举措，所以他们主要是为了迎合客户的需求。因此选项中A最为符合题意。C选项有一定道理，而且在文章第三段中也有提到终生用户，但是这只是一个长远的想法，并不是本问题的直接原因。

　　3. Compared with the universities, the advantage of Google and Microsoft in hosting accounts of alumni is _____3. 和大学相比, 谷歌和微软在保存毕业生记录方面的优势是_____

　　[A] that they can reserve every account with minimum charge.[A] 可以以最低的费用保存任何纪录。

　　[B] that they can retain every account at customers’ wish.[B] 可以根据客户的需要保留每份纪录。

　　[C] that they can maintain every account as long as the customers want.[C] 可以以客户希望的任何时长来保存每份记录。

　　[D] that they can keep every account for free in a long term.[D] 可以长期免费保存每份记录。

　　[答案] C

　　[难度分析] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。文章第三段提到在以前大学自己的网络上，不能保存那么多学生的纪录，而这两大巨头却可以无限期地保存这些记录，只要客户需要就能以这种方式将客户保留住。可以，其优势是可以无限期地保存每一份记录。选项C中as long as the customers want就是文章中indefinitely这个词语的意思，因此为正确答案。至于是否收费还是免费、以及是否会考虑客户的需求，这在文章中都没有提及。

　　4. The two giants persist in providing the E-mail services though they run at a loss because_____3. 两大巨头即使在亏损也坚持要提供电邮系统，这是因为_____

　　[A] they believe they will have good returns from the would-be lifelong users in the future.[A] 他们相信未来的终身用户会给他们带来好的回报。

　　[B] it is part of their social commitment to return the society through contributing to education.[B] 通过为教育作贡献来回报社会是他们的社会责任。

　　[C] their strategy is to make profit through advertisement to university alumni. [C] 他们的战略是通过对大学校友打广告来盈利。

　　[D] they want the students to propagandize for their projects.[D] 他们希望学生可以帮助宣传他们的项目。

　　[答案] A

　　[难度分析] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。文章第二段提到两大巨头在亏本为高校提供电邮系统服务，第三段开头就指出它们希望，现在没有赚到的钱会在将来以终身用户的形式来给与它们回报。可见，他们这样做的目的是为了培养终生客户。因此，答案A最为符合题意。B选项在文章中并没有提及任何社会责任，属于无中生有。关于C选项，虽然文章中提到了他们的长远目标是留住大学校友客户，但是并没有提到通过向他们打广告盈利。D选项显然也是错误的，两家公司并没有计划让学生们帮忙宣传。

　　5. The word “relinquish” (Line 3, Paragraph 4)most probably means_____4. “relinquish”这个词(第四段第二行)最有可能表示的意思是_____

　　[A] lose.[A] 失去。

　　[B] abandon.[B] 放弃。

　　[C] exchange.[C] 交换。

　　[D] waste.[D] 浪费。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度分析] ☆

　　[分析]根据上下文，并不是所有的学校都打算外包服务，批评家也担心如果将电邮转让出去，大学可能就要放弃保证信息安全的自由。从also这个词可以看出来，relinquish和hand over应该类似，是主动的，那么答案中B最为贴切。A有被动失去的意思。

　　参考译文:

　　长期以来，维护内部电子邮件系统一直是大学信息技术主任最头疼的问题。服务器难以控制、稳定性差，在过去的几年中，学生抱怨的数量呈指数增长，而不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail、Gmail更多考虑电子邮件能提供什么服务。许多学校的解决办法就是举起白旗，将电邮交给外面的专家打理。

　　拥有Hotmail的微软，谷歌(Gmail)是教育电邮市场最大的玩家。外包系统除了有灵巧的辅助小工具(如收发消息、日历和协作工具)，该系统更加稳定，有更好的广告过滤器, 并提供比大学传统的内部系统更大的存储空间。在宾西法尼亚大学，老电邮服务为学生提供60m的存储，是Windows Live现在提供的2G空间的3%。但是谷歌和微软都不收费，起码从金钱上或是短期来说是这样的。微软的Windows Live @ edu以及谷歌的教育应用版对于学校是免费的。这两个科技巨头还除去了另外一项收入来源，即将各自的广告服务去除，以免去教育家的担忧。微软甚至中断了这项业务(其在即时消息那样的非电邮服务上运营广告)，而几乎完全靠广告获得收入的谷歌公司现在正亏损运行。

　　但是虽然他们现在没有赚到的钱，这些公司希望在未来通过终身用户的形式获得巨大的红利，谷歌的Jeff Kelter这样说。一旦毕业典礼结束，学生们就会看到自己的电邮转为传统的基于广告的Gmail和 Hotmail了。和以前不同的是，如果大学应付不了成千上万的校友，谷歌和微软可以无限期地保留每个人的纪录，他们有需求就可以一直保留用户身份。

　　但是并不是所有的学校都打算将自己的技术工作外包，隐私和安全问题是他们最为关心的。批评者认为如果将电邮的职责交出去的话，学校也就放弃了以他们认为合适的方法保证信息安全的自由。即使在业界，对于诸如谷歌Apps这样的用户技术也存在很大的怀疑。但是大多大学IT负责人认为比起他们自己的小型程序，外包可以更好地保护个人邮件免受病毒和广告的侵扰，而学生们对这些系统的口头赞扬已经为微软和谷歌的项目补充了那些几乎不存在的市场预算。

　　价格标签——或者没有——也不是一个坏的销售方式。宾西法尼亚大学财务和管理副主任Ramin Sedehi称30%的学生已经将他们的信息转给外部委托人，他预计大学最终将完全脱离自主电邮行业。鲍尔州立大学和印第安纳大学校友会使用Windows Live，而亚利桑那州州立大学2006年10月开始使用谷歌Apps，目前已经将至少65000名学生中的40000名转移到了新系统上。宾西法尼亚州州立大学和加利福尼亚工艺州立大学已经在商谈中，而其他学校都在观望和等待。

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