装备指挥技术学院2013年博士研究生招生考博英语真题

　　Part II Cloze Test (15 points, 1 point each)

　　Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.

　　It was the worst tragedy in 21 history, six times more deadly than the titanic.

　　When the German cruise ship Whhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes 22 from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people─ mostly women, children and old people 23 the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany --- were 24 aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families 25 into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some, who succeeded, fought 26 those in the water 27 had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. “I’ll never forget the screams, “says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls 28 the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave ─and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.

　　Now Germany’s Nobel Prize-winning author Gtnter Grass has 29 the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children 30 has latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book which will 31 in English next year, doesn’t 32 the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was obvious. As Grass 33 it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so 34 , we didn’t have the energy left to 35 our own sufferings.”

　　Part III Reading Comprehension (30 point)

　　Section A (20 points, 1 point each)

　　Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.

　　Passage One

　　Reading new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.

　　Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, Where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water.” He says.

　　But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.

　　Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share-this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water.

　　As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate(垂涎) over the profits. A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most dines don’t notice or care.

　　As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the dinners if they want it.

　　Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.

　　36. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?

　　A. It is a kind of iced water.

　　B. It is just plain tap water.

　　C. It is a kind of bottled water.

　　D. It is a kind of mineral water.

　　37. By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water” (Line 5, Para 2)

　　A. plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking

　　B. bottled water is clearly superior to tap water

　　C. bottled water often appeals more to dogs taste

　　D. dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste

　　38. The “fancier brands” (Line 4 Para 5) refers to ____

　　A. tap water from the Thames River

　　B. famous wines not sold in ordinary stores

　　C. PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani

　　D. expensive bottled water with impressive names

　　39. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?

　　A. Bottled water brings in huge profits

　　B. Competition from the wine industry is intense

　　C. Most diners find bottled water affordable

　　D. Bottled water satisfied diners’ desire to fashionable

　　40. According to passage, why is bottled water so popular?

　　A. It is much cheaper than wine

　　B. It is considered healthier

　　C. It appeals to more cultivated people

　　D. It is more widely promoted in the market

　　Passage Two

　　As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease – especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious(有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk , and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.

　　The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “ not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise and they make a point of monitoring their body's condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well," in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. "Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.

　　41. Today medical care is placing more stress on______.

　　A. keeping people in a healthy physical condition

　　B. monitoring patients' body functions

　　C. removing people's bad living habits

　　D. ensuring people's psychological well-being

　　42. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that_____.

　　A. good health is more than not being ill

　　B. drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful

　　C. regular health checks are essential to keeping fit

　　D. prevention is more difficult than cure

　　43. Traditionally, a person is considered "well" if he ______.

　　A. does not have any unhealthy living habits

　　B. does not have any physical handicaps

　　C. is able to handle his daily routines

　　D. is free from any kind of disease

　　44. According to the author, the true meaning of "wellness" is for people _____.

　　A. to best satisfy their body's special needs

　　B. to strive to maintain the best possible health

　　C. to meet the strictest standards of bodily health

　　D. to keep a proper balance between work and leisure

　　45. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy?

　　A. People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.

　　B. People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease

　　C. People who try to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations.

　　D. People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.

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