2019医学考博英语作文常用句型：“有”的表达

　　II. 主语(多半为有生命的)+have / has [had; will have; has had; have had]+sth.(表示拥有、具有，用途极广，但不少考生也容易犯错误)

　　例句：

　　1. 人的耳朵有两个功能：听声音和保持平衡。

　　The human ear has two main functions: hearing and maintaining balance.

　　2. 艾滋病有三个特点。

　　AIDS has three basic characteristics [features].

　　3. 我国70%~80%的大学生有心理问题。

　　70%~80%of colleges students in our country have mental problems.

　　4.大多数的吸烟者都有肺部疾病。

　　Most smokers have lung problems.

　　5.临床护理专家在日常工作中有四种不同的角色：护理者、顾问、教育者和研究者。

　　Clinical nurse specialists have four different roles in their daily practice: nurse practitioner, counselor, tutor [educator] and researcher.

　　III. contain sth. / include sth. (表示含有、包括)

　　1. 其他反应还有胃痛、恶心、腹泻和气短。

　　Other reactions include stomach pains, sickness, diarrhea and shortness of breath.

　　2. 他们的血液和体液里都含有大量艾滋病病毒，具有很强的传染性。

　　Their blood and body liquids contain lots of AIDS viruses which are highly infectious.

　　There are lots of highly infectious AIDS viruses in their blood and body liquids.

　　3. 所以，应选择富有碳水化合物的食物。

　　Therefore, you should choose foods which contain a lot of carbohydrate.

　　Therefore, one should choose foods (which are) rich in carbohydrate.

　　4. 狗会传播多种疾病，有一些是致人死命的疾病。

　　Dogs can spread many diseases, including some that are deadly to people.

　　Dogs can spread many diseases some of which can make people die.

　　5. 一种食物中很难含有全部的维生素。

　　One kind of food can hardly contain all the vitamins.

　　It is unlikely to have a kind of food that contains all sorts of vitamins.

　　6. 差异可能有个体、宗教、年龄、种族、生活方式、社会经济状况、家庭结构等。

　　The differences may include individuality, spiritual beliefs, gender, age, race, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and family structure.

　　7. 临床护理专家(clinical nurse specialist) 的作用有临床实践、咨询服务、教学以及相关护理研究成果的应用。

　　The role of clinical nurse specialists should include clinical practice, consultation, teaching and the application of relevant nursing research.

　　实践上，汉语的“有”字，在许多情况下，是不须用have或there is之类的英语词汇表达出来的，例如：

　　1. 有的细菌是有害于人体健康的微生物，有的则有益。

　　Some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, but some are helpful.

　　*There are some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, there are some are helpful. (此句表达错误)

　　Some bacteria are bad for health, but some are good.

　　2. 过去几年，农村医疗卫生的形势有了很大的变化。

　　The situation of rural medical care greatly changed in the past years.

　　There were great changes in the situation of rural medical care in the past years.

　　*The situation of rural medical care had great changes recently. [not good]

　　The situation of rural medical care witnessed great changes in the past years.

　　Rural medical care greatly changed in the past years.

　　3. 导致这种情况的原因，我认为有两点。

　　I think that two reasons resulted in this situation.

　　I think there are two reasons leading to this situation.

　　4. 好医院应该有什么病人治什么病人。

　　A good hospital should treat whatever patients come to it.

　　A good hospital should treat all kinds of patients.

　　A good hospital should not refuse any patient.

　　5. 在整个青年期，人的行为都具有很大的盲目性和冲动性。

　　In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are full of blindness and impulse.

　　In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are characterized by blindness and impulse.

　　In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are often out of blindness and sudden excitement.

　　When people are young, they often act blindly and impulsively.

　　6. 人类与艾滋病作斗争已经有二十多年了。

　　Man has been fighting against [dealing with] AIDS for more than twenty years.

　　7. 要让患者在生命的末期没有身体上的痛苦。

　　Make sure that patients do not suffer much physical pain at the end of life.

　　We should make patients free of [from] much bodily pain at the end of their life.

　　We can free patients of [from] much bodily pain at the end their life.

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