厦门大学考博英语真题：part1

　　2021年博士研究生招生工作已经陆续展开，马上要迎来考博初试。新东方在线小编会第一时间为大家整理了考博英语真题内容，下面是小编为大家整理的厦门大学考博英语真题：part1作为参考，预祝大家逢考必过。

　　Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

　　1.The Single long a stock figure in stories, songs and personal ads. was traditionally someone at the margins of society: a figure of fun. pity or awe. In the place of withered spinsters and bachelors are people like Elizabeth de Kergorlay, a 29-year-old Parisian banker who views her independence and her own apartment as the spoils of professional success.

　　As the sages would say, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. 2. This isn't the stuff of gloomy philosophical meditations, but a fact of Europe's new economic landscape, embraced by demographers, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. 3. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyles, observes French sociologist, lean Claude Kaufmanns, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. 4. The communications revolution, the shiftfrom a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have wreaked havoc on Europeans' private lives. More andmore of them are remaining on their own: they're living longer, divorcing more and marrying later—if at all. British marriage rates are the lowest in 160 years of records. INSEE, France's National Institute of Statistics, reports that the number of French people living alone doubled between 1968 and 1990.

　　Europe's new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. 5. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe's shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today's tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. A recent poll by the Institute Francois dominion Publique, the Frech affiliate of the Gallup poll, found that 58 percent of French respondents viewed living alone as a choice, not an obligation. Other European singles agree. “I've always wanted to be free to go on adventures,” says Iris Expender, who lives by herself in Berlin.

　　KEY

　　1.小说、歌曲和广告中常有的单身角色往往都是那些生活在社会边缘的人：他们或令人发笑，或令人同情，或令人敬畏。

　　2.这不是悲观哲学研究的素材，而是人口统计学家、房地产开发商、广告经营者这些人所体会到的欧洲新经济前景的事实。

　　3.法国社会学家lean-Claude Kaufmanns认为，从家庭生活模式到单身生活模式的转变，是上个世纪“个人主义”的不可抵挡的推动因素之一。

　　4.通迅革命，商业文化从稳定性到流动性的转变，以及女性进入劳动力市场等等这些给欧洲人的私人生活带来了严重的破坏。

　　5.现在的独身一代是在欧洲从社会民主主义向更激进更具个人主义思潮的美国式资本主义转变的过渡时期出现的。成长于私有化和消费选择日益增长时代的精通技术的现代工人们拥有着恋爱和经济上的自由市场。

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