2022年医学考博英语阅读理解练习 (1)

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　　There is mounting evidence the food on your plate can alter cancer's growth

　　spread, say Cambridge scientists.

　　Animal research, published in the journal Nature, showed breast tumours

　　struggled without the dietary nutrient asparagine.

　　It is found in the foodies' favourite asparagus, as well as poultry,

　　seafood many other foods.

　　In the future, scientists hope to take advantage of cancer's "culinary

　　addictions" to improve treatment.

　　Asparagine is an amino acid - a building block of protein - takes its

　　name from asparagus.

　　Spread

　　The study, conducted at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, took

　　place on mice with an aggressive form of breast cancer.

　　Normally they would die in a couple of weeks as the tumour spread

　　throughout the body.

　　But when the mice were given a low-asparagine diet or drugs to block

　　asparagine then the tumour struggled to spread.

　　"It was a really huge change, [the cancers] were very difficult to find,"

　　said Prof Greg Hannon.

　　Last year, the University of Glasgow showed cutting out the amino acids

　　serine glycine slowed the development of lymphoma intestinal

　　cancers.

　　Prof Hannon told the BBC: "We're seeing increasing evidence that specific

　　cancers are addicted to specific components of our diet.

　　"In the future, by modifying a patient's diet or by using drugs that change

　　the way that tumour cells can access these nutrients we hope to improve outcomes

　　in therapy."

　　Fruit veg: For a longer life eat 10-a-day

　　Controlled amino acid diet 'could help cancer treatment'

　　Cancer

　　An initial tumour is rarely deadly. It is when the cancer spreads

　　throughout the body - or metastasises - that it can become fatal.

　　A cancerous cell must go through huge changes in order to spread - it must

　　learn to break off the main tumour, survive in the bloodstream thrive

　　elsewhere in the body.

　　It is this process for which researchers think asparagine is necessary.

　　But fear not asparagus lovers, these findings still need to be confirmed in

　　people asparagine is hard to avoid in the diet anyway.

　　In the long run, scientists think patients would be put on special drinks

　　that are nutritionally balanced, but lack asparagine.

　　Prof Charles Swanton, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said:

　　"Interestingly, the drug L-asparaginase is used to treat acute lymphoblastic

　　leukaemia, which is dependent on asparagine.

　　"It's possible that in future, this drug could be repurposed to help treat

　　breast cancer patients."

　　Further trials are still necessary.

　　Baroness Delyth Morgan, the chief executive at Breast Cancer Now, said

　　patients should not go on drastic diets on the back of this study.

　　She said: "We don't recommend patients totally exclude any specific food

　　group from their diet without speaking to their doctors.

　　"We'd also encourage all patients to follow a healthy varied diet."

　　全文翻译：

　　剑桥科学家说，越来越多的证据表明，餐盘中的食物可以改变癌症的生长和扩散。

　　发表在《自然》杂志上的动物研究表明，没有饮食营养素天冬酰胺，乳腺癌难以治愈。

　　它是在美食家的喜爱，芦笋，以及家禽、海鲜等食品。

　　将来，科学家希望利用癌症的“烹饪瘾”来改善治疗。

　　天冬酰胺是一种氨基酸，是蛋白质的组成部分，它的名字叫芦笋。

　　传播

　　这项研究由英国癌症研究所剑桥研究所进行，研究对象是具有侵袭性乳腺癌的小鼠。

　　通常情况下，由于肿瘤扩散到全身，几周内就会死亡。

　　但当小鼠接受低天冬酰胺饮食或药物阻断天冬酰胺时，肿瘤就难以扩散。

　　“这真是一个巨大的改变，[癌]是很难找到的，”Greg Hannon教授说。

　　去年，格拉斯哥大学发现切断了丝氨酸和甘氨酸的氨基酸，减缓了淋巴瘤和肠癌的发展。

　　Prof Hannon告诉英国广播公司：“我们看到越来越多的证据表明，特定的癌症都沉迷于我们饮食中的特定成分。

　　“将来，通过改变病人的饮食或使用改变肿瘤细胞获得这些营养物质的药物，我们希望改善治疗效果。”

　　水果和蔬菜：为长寿吃10-a-day

　　控制氨基酸饮食有助于癌症治疗

　　癌症

　　最初的肿瘤很少致命。这是当癌细胞扩散的整个身体或转移，它可以成为致命的。

　　癌细胞必须经历巨大的变化才能扩散——它必须学会切断主要肿瘤，在血流中存活并在身体其他部位繁衍。

　　这是研究人员认为天冬酰胺是必要的过程。

　　但不要害怕芦笋爱好者，这些发现还需要在人身上得到证实，而且在饮食中天冬酰胺是很难避免的。

　　从长远来看，科学家认为病人会喝一些营养均衡但缺乏天冬酰胺的特殊饮料。

　　Charles

　　Swanton教授，英国癌症研究中心的首席临床医师，说：“有趣的是，药物左旋门冬酰胺酶用于治疗急性淋巴细胞性白血病，这是依赖于天冬酰胺。

　　“这是可能的，在未来，这种药物可以帮助治疗的乳腺癌患者使用。”

　　进一步的试验仍然是必要的。

　　Baroness Delyth Morgan，首席执行官在乳腺癌患者现在说不应该严格控制饮食对本研究的背。

　　她说：“我们不建议患者在不与医生交谈的情况下完全排除他们饮食中的特定食物组。

　　“我们还鼓励所有患者遵循健康和多样化的饮食。”

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