2024医学考博英语语法：完全倒装

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　　完全倒装

　　1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词，而非助动词)。

　　例如：The teacher came in and the class began.(没有倒装)

　　In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来，然后开始上课。)

　　2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。

　　例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。)

　　3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.

　　4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装

　　5)在强调状语时1)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如：

　　1 Up went the plane.

　　2 In came the chairman and the meeting began.

　　注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如：

　　1 Out they rushed!

　　2 Lower and lower he bent.

　　(2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如：

　　1 Round the corner walked a large policeman.

　　2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.

　　3 当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如：

　　1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. (不属于完全倒装)

　　2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.

　　(6)当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如：

　　1)Here is a ticket for you.

　　2)Now comes your turn.

　　3)Here he comes.

　　(7)以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：

　　1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

　　2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.

　　3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.

　　注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置;“so +副词”是状语的前置。

　　.在直接引语之后

　　在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些

　　词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如：

　　1)“What do you mean?” asked Henry.

　　2)“What do you mean?” he asked.

　　. often, many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时

　　例如：Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance.

　　12.在as, though引导的让步状语从句中

　　在as, though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如：

　　1)Small as the atom is, we can smash it.

　　2)Big as the workpiece is, it is turned out with

　　Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。

　　Out he rushed.

　　注意：

　　1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。

　　例：Here comes the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。)

　　Here we are.(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。)

　　2) 当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。

　　例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。)

　　Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.(中国典型的是相声表演，两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众)

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