装备指挥技术学院2009年博士研究生招生考博英语真题

　　Part II Cloze Test (15 points, 1 point each)

　　Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on your Answer Sheet.

　　‘Popular science’ books by pioneering scientists come in many varieties, but are almost always 21 waiting for. Such books would certainly be authoritative accounts of the subject matter. What is more important, 22, is that they give the reader a really unique 23. The genre includes straightforward expositions of a technical topic, an early example 24 the classic little book on relativity by Einstein himself. More 25 ---- and perhaps 26 greater value, in the long 27 ---- one has a 28 of essays on widely varying themes. These reflect, directly 29 indirectly, the motivations, the compulsions, the stance, the personal scientific philosophy ---- 30 short, the credo ---- of a great scientist, giving the reader 31 insight into the working of a first-rate mind in a manner that even the best of biographies can only 32. Restricting oneself to examples 33 from physics and 34 areas, some wonderful examples of this class are Wigner’s Symmetries and Reflections, Chandrasekhar’s Truth and Beauty, Feynman’s The Character of Physical Law, and Dyson’s 35 the Universe.

　　21.A. differentB. eagerC. worth D. gratitude

　　22.A. howeverB. by the way C. unfortunatelyD. to be exact

　　23.A. characterB. thought C. enjoymentD. perspective

　　24.A. being B. has beingC. has beenD. been

　　25.A. importantB. specialC. oftenD. clear

　　26.A. with B. forC. in D. of

　　27.A. agoB. timeC. distanceD. run

　　28.A. electionB. collectionC. deductionD. induction

　　29.A. andB. orC. notD. but

　　30.A. onB. for C. in D. of

　　31.A. valuable B. attractiveC. particularD. mysterious

　　32A. repeatB. approximateC. enhanceD. discover

　　33.A. concernedB. broughtC. takenD. thought

　　34.A. relatingB. relativeC. relateD. related

　　35.A. DisturbingB DisturbC. DisturbedD. Disturbance

　　Part III Reading Comprehension (30 points)

　　Section A (20 points, 1 point each)

　　Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then answer the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.

　　Passage 1

　　In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors. Politicians also got on board. "There is a direct relationship," US congressman Neal Smith noted, "between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death."

　　Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. "All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary," Dr. Dustan insists. "For most of us it probably doesn't make much difference how much salt we eat." Dustan's most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced."

　　"An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population," notes Dr. John H. Laragh. "So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense." Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable "moderation" in salt consumption. For the average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.

　　Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal "low salt" exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admits that "we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension." In fact, there is growing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predisposition; stress." It is not your enemy," says Dr. Laragh. "Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don't need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up."

　　36. According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed ___

　　A. exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health.

　　B. cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders.

　　C. correlates highly with some diseases.

　　D. is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease.

　　37. From Dr. Dustan's study we can infer that ______

　　A. a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people.

　　B. the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one's blood pressure.

　　C. the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient.

　　D. an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone.

　　38. In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that _____

　　A. people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt.

　　B. doctors should not advise people to avoid salt.

　　C. an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease.

　　D. excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population.

　　39. The phrase "vocal …… exponent" (Para. 4) most probably refers to ____

　　A. eloquent doctor.

　　B. articulate opponent.

　　C. loud speaker.

　　D. strong advocate.

　　40. What is the main message of this text?

　　A. That the salt scare is not justified.

　　B. That the cause of hypertension is now understood.

　　C. That the moderate use of salt is recommended.

　　D. That salt consumption is to be promoted.

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