中国科学院大学考博英语试题样题

　　Passage 2

　　When you call the police, the police dispatcher has to locate the car nearest you that is free to respond. This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the status and location of every police car—not an easy task for a large department.

　　Another problem, which arises when cars are assigned to regular patrols, is that the patrols may be too regular. If criminals find out that police cars will pass a particular location at regular intervals, they simply plan their crimes for times when no patrol is expected. Therefore, patrol cars should pass by any particular location at random times; the fact that a car just passed should be no guarantee that another one is not just around the corner. Yet simply ordering the officers to patrol at random would lead to chaos.

　　A computer dispatching system can solve both these problems. The computer has no trouble keeping track of the status and location of each car. With this information, it can determine instantly which car should respond to an incoming call. And with the aid of a pseudorandom number generator, the computer can assign routine patrols so that criminals can’t predict just when a police car will pass through a particular area.

　　(Before computers, police sometimes used roulette wheels and similar devices to make random assignments.)

　　Computers also can relieve police officers from constantly having to report their status. The police car would contain a special automatic radio transmitter and receiver. The officer would set a dial on this unit indicating the current status of the car—patrolling, directing traffic, chasing a speeder, answering a call, out to lunch, and so on. When necessary, the computer at headquarters could poll the car for its status. The voice radio channels would not be clogged with cars constantly reporting what they were doing. A computer in the car automatically could determine the location of the car, perhaps using the LORAN method. The location of the car also would be sent automatically to the headquarters computer.

　　41. The best title for this passage should be ___________.

　　A. Computers and Crimes

　　B. Patrol Car Dispatching

　　C. The Powerful Computers

　　D. The Police with Modern Equipment

　　42. A police dispatcher is NOT supposed to _____________.

　　A. locate every patrol car

　　B. guarantee cars on regular patrols

　　C. keep in touch with each police car

　　D. find out which car should respond to the incoming call

　　43. If the patrols are too regular, _____________.

　　A. the dispatchers will be bored with it

　　B. the officers may become careless

　　C. the criminals may take advantage of it

　　D. the streets will be in a state of chaos

　　44. The computer dispatching system is particularly good at ______________.

　　A. assigning cars to regular patrols

　　B. responding to the incoming calls

　　C. ordering officers to report their location

　　D. making routine patrols unpredictable

　　45. According to the account in the last paragraph, how can a patrol car be located without computers?

　　A. Police officers report their status constantly.

　　B. The headquarters poll the car for its status.

　　C. A radio transmitter and receiver is installed in a car.

　　D. A dial in the car indicates its current status.

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