2021年考博英语词汇语法题 (4)

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　　1.在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

　　He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)

　　Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)

　　2. 宾语从句的引导词有三类：

　　(1) 以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.

　　She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

　　(2) 以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why 等引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述语序

　　eg, Could you tell me what's the matter with u?

　　I want to know how soon it will begin.

　　(3) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序

　　eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .

　　3.宾语从句的时态

　　(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。

　　eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning.

　　You are telling me that you won't stop until tomorrow?

　　(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。

　　eg,They asked what Jean was doing now .

　　Linda said that the train had left.

　　(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。

　　eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.

　　Polly said no news is a good news

　　注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。

　　1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if

　　eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.

　　2. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.

　　eg, Please let me know what to do next.

　　Could you tell me whether u go or not?

　　3. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.

　　e,g, You can't work the plan out if you don't have the meeting .

　　注意点一：引导词

　　宾语从句的引导词常常有以下三种：由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what，when，where等。如：

　　I think(that)he will come here by train.我认为他会坐火车来这儿的。He asked me whether I know his new address.他问我是否知道他新地址。I want to know when you got back home yesterday. 我想知道你昨天什么时候到家的。

　　注意点二：语序

　　宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说，将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。如：

　　Can you tell me what he will do tomorrow? 你能告诉我他明天将要做什么?

　　【友情提示】当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。如：

　　Do you know what makes him so excited? 你知道什么事使他如此兴奋吗?

　　I don’t know what is wrong with him. 我不知道他出什么事了。

　　注意点三：时态

　　主句为一般现在时态，则宾语从句根据实际情况用任意的时态;但主句为一般过去时态时，宾语从句则要用过去的相对应的某种时态。例如：

　　She tells me that she will come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。

　　She told me that she would come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。

　　【友情提示】如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在时态。如：

　　Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.

　　专项练习

　　1.---Do you know when the World Cup ________ next week?

　　--- Next Friday. When it ________, I will ring you.

　　A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin

　　C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins

　　2.--- Today or tomorrow?

　　--- What are you talking about?

　　--- We are talking about _______ to give a talk on WTO.

　　A. how B. where C. when D. what

　　3. I wonder _________.

　　A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives

　　4. --- Are you sure you have to ? It's been very late.

　　--- I don't know _____ I can do it if not now.

　　A. where B. why C. when D. how

　　5. ---Would you please tell me _________?

　　--- In a small village near Niingbo.

　　A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born

　　C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born

　　6. The photograph will show you ________.

　　A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like

　　C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like

　　7. --- Can you guess if they _______ to play basketball with us?

　　--- I think they'll come if they _________ free.

　　A.will come, will be B. will come, are C. come, are D. come, will be

　　8. ---Where does he come from ?

　　--- Pardon?

　　--- I asked where_________.

　　A…. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from

　　9. She wondered __________.

　　A. how much he cost the computer B. how much he paid for the computer

　　C. how much the computer will cost him D. how much did he spend on the computer

　　10. ---Do you know ________?

　　--- I'm not sure. Maybe he is a businessman.

　　A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do

　　答案1-5 DCDCB 6-10 BBBBA

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