北京师范大学考博英语真题回顾

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Influenzashould not be dismissed as a trivial disease. It kills thousands of peopleevery year at a very high cost to the economy, hits hardest the young and theelderly, and is most dangerous for people over the age of 65. influenza ismainly a seasonal illness of the winter months, though in tropical andsubtropical areas of Asia and the Pacific it can occur all the year round.

Thedamaging effects of influenza can be prevented by immunization, but constantchanges of antigenic specificity of the virus necessitate a differentcomposition of the vaccine from one year to another. The network of WHO CollaboratingCenters for Influenza and national institutes carries out influenzasurveillance activities to monitor the evaluation of influenza virus strains,and WHO hold an annual consultation at the end of February to recommend thecomposition of the vaccine for the forthcoming epidemiological season. Theserecommendations are published immediately in the Weekly epidemiological record.

Vaccinationeach year against influenza is recommended for certain high-risk populations. Inclosed or semi-closed settings, maximum benefit from immunization is likely tobe achieved when more than three-quarters of the population are vaccinated sothat the benefit of “herd immunity” can be exploited. Special care should betaken of the following groups:

--adultsand children with chronic disorders of the pulmonary or cardiovascular systemsrequiring regular medical follow-up or who had been hospitalized during theprevious year, including children with asthma;

--residentsof nursing homes and other establishments for patients of any age with chronicmedical conditions;

--allpeople over the age of 65.

Physicians,nurses, and other personal in primary and intensive care units, who arepotentially capable of transmitting influenza to high risk persons, should beimmunized; visiting nurses and volunteer workers providing home care tohigh-risk persons should also be included.

26. This passage .

A. concerns the damaging effects ofinfluenza

B. mentions the steps of fighting againstthe harmful effects of influenza

C. emphasizes the worry expressed by allage groups

D. both A and B

27. That a different component part of thevaccine is necessary is principally due to the variable change of .

A. virus B.strain C. antigen D. immunization

28. Which has been done by World HealthOrganization in combating the bad effects of influenza?

A. supervising the assessment of influenzavirus strains.

B. Holding meetings twice a year to providethe latest data concerning the composition of the vaccines.

C. Publishing the related information in aWHO almanac.

D. Stressing the importance of preventinginfluenza for people living in tropical areas of Asia.

29. According to the passage, high-riskpersons exclude which of the following kinds of people ?

A. Children suffering from asthma.

B. The elderly with chronic pulmonarydiseases.

C. Middle aged people with chronic heartdiseases.

D. Nurses taking special care of the sick.

30. In which of the following publicationswould this passage most likely be printed?

A. A surgery book.

B. A psychology book

C. An epidemiology book.

D. An obstetrics book

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