装备指挥技术学院2015年博士研究生招生考博英语真题

　　Part II Cloze Test (15 points, 1 point each)

　　Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.

　　It has been said that in high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life’s happiness and much of its 21 come from the same source---one’s marriage. Indeed, few things in life have the potential to provide as much 22 or as much anguish. As the accompanying box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 23 .

　　But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless others remain 24 but are stuck in stagnant water. “We used to be a happy family, but the last 12 years have been horrible,” 25 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 26 enemy.” Similarly, a husband of nearly 25 years said, “My wife has told me that she doesn’t love me anymore. She says that if we can just exist as roommates and each go our 27 ways when it comes to leisure time, the situation can be 28 .”

　　Of course, some in such terrible straits 29 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is 30 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace, finances, friends, relatives, and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 31 state. “Unlikely to divorce legally,” she says, “these spouses choose to 32 a partner from whom they are emotionally divorced.”

　　Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 33 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction? Is a loveless marriage the 34 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled marriages can be saved---not only from the 35 of breakup but also from the misery of lovelessness.

　　Part III Reading Comprehension (30 point)

　　Section A (20 points, 1 point each)

　　Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.

　　Section A (20 points, 1 point each)

　　Passage One

　　For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.

　　Historian John Keegan writes, “Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945, killed no one. The 50,000,000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the transistor radio which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.”

　　Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that poor---too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems. Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.

　　Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they lethal. A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.

　　The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars’ worth of small arms and light weapons, not with money, but with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.

　　Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal organizations to use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.

　　36. It is implied in the passage that ______.

　　A. small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control

　　B. the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement

　　C. the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished

　　D. nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago

　　37. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because ______.

　　A. They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism

　　B. They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons

　　C. They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time

　　D. They face other more important problems such as pollution

　　38. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?

　　A. Small arms are cheap.

　　B. Small arms are powerful.

　　C. Small arms are easier to use.

　　D. Small arms are easier to get.

　　39. We can conclude from the passage that ______.

　　A. small arms are not expensive in the black-market

　　B. it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond

　　C. criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms

　　D. where there are drugs, there are small arms

　　40. The best title for this passage is ______.

　　A. Small arms Talks, Not Nuclear Arms Talks

　　B. Neglect of Small Arms Control

　　C. Global Traffic in Small Arms

　　D. Small Arms, Big Problems

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