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2004年中国社会科学院考博英语翻译真题

2015-09-06 15:09:24来源：网络

　　KEY

　　Part A

　　1.每个社会，最初就有着向一定方向发展的微弱的趋势，(随着社会的发展)，这个趋势会一步步地加强，社会也会在自己选择的基础上摒弃那些不和协的行为方式，使自己越来越趋向完全的一体化。

　　2.(正常)主要是一个用来形容任何文化中被社会化地阐释的那部分人类行为的术语;而不正常则是一个形容特定的文明中不被人们所采用的那部分行为的术语。

　　3.(正常行为)在不同民族中的可变性，从本质上说，是由不同社会出于自身需要而创造的行为模式的可变性所致，其绝不能在完全脱离文化的、制度化了的行为类型的情况下单独加以考虑。

　　4.只要一个文明在其内部是完整的和谐调的，它就会按照其本性，推动自身朝着最初确定的那个行为模式不断前进。而在其他任何文化看来，这些苦心经营的结果可能包含着越来越多极端和异常的特征。

　　5.另一方面，那些行为特征与社会所选择的行为方式不相一致的个人，不管他们的个性特征在另外一种文化中多么的受尊重，在这个社会中也会被认为是不正常。

　　Part B

　　1.To observe and evaluate the status of human rights in a country, we should take into consideration the historical, social, economic and cultural conditions of the very country instead of cutting off the history, divorcing from the current situations of the country, not to mention applying one model or the situation of a certain country or area to all the countries mechanically. Each country's human rights problem should be solved mainly by its own govemment and people, while that of the world by governments and people from all over the world together.

　　2.At present, the international situation is experiencing the most complicated and profound changes since the end of Cold War. Peace and development are still the two subjects confronted with people all over the world. Peace is the premise of development while the latter is the guarantee of the former, and seeking for development under peaceful circumstances has become the common desire of the international society.

　　3.The only way to acquire more knowledge is by education and training. Knowledge, like capital, material resources and sweat, has become a necessary, perhaps the most fundamental factor of production. Therefore, the educational system of a society should be able to shift towards the knowledge-based work fast, or this society will inevitably lag behind.

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