2017考博英语阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析（八十二）

　　Brewers argue that alcohol is not an import from the decadent West, as the puritans often claim, but has been produced and consumed in Indonesia for at least 700 years. “It is part of the culture of Indonesia,” says Michael Chin, chief executive of Multi Bintang, the country’s biggest brewer. Indonesians consume less than one litre of alcohol per head a year, belying Muslim groups’ claims that booze is creating a health crisis. Still, even without a national prohibition, Islamists will push for local bans—such as the one in force in Aceh since 2005 and adopted elsewhere.

　　酿酒商认为，酒不是像清教徒声称的堕落的西方的舶来品，它已经在印度尼西亚生产和消费了700年以上。印尼最大的啤酒商星星啤酒公司的董事长Michael Chin说：“喝酒是印尼文化的一部分。”印尼每年人均喝不到一公升酒，与穆斯林团体声称的酒正在损害人们的健康不符。但是，就算没有国家禁令，伊斯兰教徒们也会推动地方立法禁酒，就像那个从2005年开始先在亚齐省生效，然后推广到各处的法令一样。

　　brewer ['bruːə]: 啤酒酿造者; 啤酒商

　　belying [bɪ'leɪ] : v. 掩饰; 与 ... 不符; 使 ... 失望

　　prohibition [,prəʊhɪ'bɪʃ(ə)n]：禁令，禁律;<美>禁酒

　　Beyond booze, the state-backed council of clerics, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), has in recent years passed edicts condemning everything from homosexual partnerships to the wearing of Santa hats. Although these have no legal force under Indonesia’s secular constitution, vigilantes have sometimes used the edicts to target revellers as well as religious and sexual minorities. Partly at the MUI’s urging, parliament has passed sweeping anti-pornography laws, which some Indonesians see as a threat to artistic and cultural liberties. Muslim groups are petitioning the courts to interpret the law in a way that would criminalise extramarital sex. They are also making more use of laws againstblasphemy—notably in the trial against the governor of Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, a Christian of Chinese descent.

　　受政府支持的印度尼西亚伊斯兰学者理事会近年来还通过了一系列的法令谴责除酒以外的很多事情，从同性恋关系到戴圣诞帽都有涉及。虽然这些法令在印度尼西亚的世俗宪法之下并没有法律效力，但是义警会时常利用这些法令去攻击一些喝酒狂欢的人、宗教少数群体和性少数群体。一定程度上来说，正是在伊斯兰学者理事会的督促下，国会通过了大量的反色情法，这些法律被一些印度尼西亚人视为对艺术自由和文化自由的威胁。穆斯林团体还要求法院将婚外性行为按有罪处理。他们还越来越多地利用反渎神的法律，尤其是在起诉雅加达省长钟万学一案中。钟万学是一名华裔基督教徒。

　　edict ['iːdɪkt]：法令，告示

　　secular ['sekjʊlə]：现世的，世俗的，非宗教的

　　petition [pɪ'tɪʃ(ə)n]：祈求，请愿，向法庭申请

　　criminalise ['krɪmɪn(ə)laɪz]：使不合法，使非法<美>

　　blasphemy ['blæsfəmɪ]：亵渎上帝或宗教的言行

　　Still, for a country with the world’s largest Muslim population, Indonesia is remarkably permissive. Night spots in Jakarta, the capital, and tourist magnets such as the island of Bali have their raunchy sides. In Semarang, Mr Dosy predicts steady growth in domestic sales of 8-9% per year, buoyed by a growing number of middle-class tipplers. Most Indonesians, proud of their tradition of tolerance, will be hoping that he is right.

　　尽管如此，印度尼西亚作为全世界穆斯林人口最多的国家还是相当的宽容的。在首都雅加达的夜总会或者巴厘岛这样的游客聚集地也有很多粗俗的方面。在三宝垄，Dosy先生预测国内销售受日益壮大的中产阶级贪杯客的影响，将以每年8%—9%的速度平稳增长。许多印度尼西亚人对他们宽容的传统非常骄傲，将希望他是对的。

　　tourist magnet ['tʊərɪst] [ˈmæɡnɪt] ：旅游胜地

　　raunchy ['rɔːn(t)ʃɪ]：邋遢的，不修边幅的，猥琐的

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