2017考博英语阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析（九十八）

　　肿瘤学营养学家能够给癌症患者提供专业且基于临床实证的建议，以帮助患者们保持他们的精力、安乐以及生活质量。例如，他们能制定流体和胃管喂食的计划来帮助维持患者的体重与肌力。他们也提出了治疗的副作用，即影响到病人的自主进食能力。要想获得肿瘤学营养专家的资格，需要通过为期四年的人类营养学专业的本科学习，而且还应是医院的在职医生;同时，拥有相关理学学士学位，可以获得成为营养学研究生的资格，攻读此学位期间，须完成至少三年的临床进修。

　　Fluid：n. 流体;液体

　　tube feeding：n. 胃管喂食

　　side effect：n. 副作用

　　Alternatively：ad. 二者择其一地，非此即彼地

　　Ruth Kilcawley and Fiona Roulston are oncology dieticians. Frustratingly, says Kilcawley, much of the misinformation about diet and cancer her patients receive comes from well-intentioned loved ones, while Roulston's patients often get information online. "If you enter 'nutrition and cancer' into Google, you get over 123m results. With so much conflicting information, it makes it so confusing and overwhelming for cancer patients at an already stressful time."

　　露丝克尔劳雷和菲奥娜鲁尔斯顿都是肿瘤学营养专家。克尔劳雷沮丧地说道，她的病人们从关心他们的好心人那里了解到了很多饮食与癌症之间错误的信息，而鲁尔斯顿的病人们则是经常在网上搜索。“如果你在谷歌的搜索栏中输入‘营养学与癌症’，你会得到超过一亿两千三百万条结果。如此大量的矛盾信息会让病人在已经杯弓蛇影、草木皆兵的时期变得更混乱、更头疼。”

　　What about a vegan diet?

　　素食餐怎么样?

　　There isn't currently any strong evidence that eating too much red meat causes cancer. Some studies have shown a weak possibility that red meat may be associated with colorectal cancer in men. But an association is not a cause. There is some evidence that vegan diets may aid weight loss in certain people though this may partly relate to vegans simply being more aware of what, and therefore how much, they eat . However, a healthy diet hinges on avoiding overindulgence and ensuring that we get enough nutrients to meet our essential needs. The few scientific studies on veganism and vegetarianism refer to a lack of data on vegan diets, but some vegan diets have been shown to result in calcium levels that are below minimum dietary regulations. In a small study of men with early-stage prostate cancer, a vegan diet resulted in vitamin D deficiency.

　　目前还没有关于食用过量的牛肉能够导致癌症的有力证据。一些研究发现，人类结肠直肠癌与食用红肉之间也许有微弱的关联，但“相关”并不是“因果”。期待您的翻译，将您的理解留言在文章下方，关注每日长难句解析。然而，一份健康的食谱关键在于避免过食，同时确保人体得到了足够的养分来满足我们的日常所需。少数关于素食主义和纯素食主义的科学研究指出，素食餐中某些指标无法测量，但一些对某些素食餐的研究得出了钙含量低于人体日常摄入最低标准的结论。在一个针对早期前列腺癌的男性患者的小型研究中发现，正是由于素食，导致的维生素D缺乏。

　　associated with：与……有关系

　　hinge on：取决于……

　　overindulgence：n. 放纵;沉溺;任性

　　"Unnecessary diet restrictions of food groups are not recommended during cancer treatment," says Roulston. Kilcawley adds: "The negative consequences include accelerating muscle loss. This leads to reduced ability to tolerate treatment, inadequate micronutrient intake (particularly calcium, which may compound bone mineral density issues with some types of chemotherapy), lack of energy, low mood and fatigue."

　　“在癌症治疗当中，我们不赞成对食物组分进行不必要的限制。”鲁尔斯顿谈到。克尔劳雷随后补充：“其不良后果包括加速的肌肉损失。这会导致对治疗的耐受性降低，微量元素摄入缺乏(特别是钙，这会导致某些种类化疗后骨密度合成出现问题)也会导致精神不振、情绪低落以及疲劳。”

　　Inadequate：a. 不充分的，不适当的

　　Fatigue：n.疲劳

　　But surely we all know that sugar is carcinogenic

　　不过，我们确然知道糖是致癌物质

　　Eating too much fatty and sugary food is not good for anyone. But the idea that cancer has a sweet tooth and that a patient can "starve" their cancer by cutting all sugars and carbohydrates is a gross oversimplification for a complex disease that behaves differently from patient to patient. It simply isn't the case that cake feeds cancer while eggs feed healthy cells, and cutting carbs completely puts patients at increased risk of malnutrition. A study of more than 1,000 patients across three Irish hospitals found alarming levels of malnutrition amongst cancer patients.

　　摄入过多的脂肪和糖分对任何人都没有好处。有种观点认为癌细胞嗜甜，所以癌症患者可以切断糖和碳水化合物的供应来饿死癌细胞，要知道癌症是种很复杂的病，不同的患者有不同的情况，这种观点显得过于简单粗糙了。现实完全与“蛋糕养癌症，鸡蛋生健康”是两码事，而且完全切断碳水化合物的供应会进一步使患者面临营养失调的风险。在爱尔兰的三所医院中，一项对超过1000名患者的调查发现，癌症患者的营养失调情况已经处于警戒水平。

　　Starve：vt. 使饿死;使挨饿

　　a sweet tooth：吃甜食的嗜好

　　The case study of a 65-year-old woman who recovered from a brain tumour has been used to promote the idea that a low-carb, high-fat "ketogenic diet" is a cure for cancer. However, this patient had also received standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Disturbingly, a proponent of this diet, Dr Thomas Seyfried of Boston College, has said it "can replace chemotherapy and radiation for almost all cancers".

　　一名65岁脑癌女患者康复的个案研究已被用作鼓吹低糖高脂的饮食疗法的工具。然而，这位病人实际上也接受了化学疗法和放射疗法。令人不安地是，来自波士顿学院的托马斯塞弗里德博士也是此类代餐的拥趸，“无论什么癌，”他形容其为，“对几乎所有的癌症患者，此饮食疗法均可替代化学疗法和放射疗法。”

　　Tumour：n. 肿瘤，肿块

　　Chemotherapy: n. [临床] 化学疗法

　　Radiotherapy: n. [特医] 放射疗法

　　Disturbingly：ad. 令人不安地

　　Proponent：n. n. 支持者;建议者

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