2021考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案解析(6)

　　答案：

　　41.答案 D. hold back“阻挡;阻止……的发展;隐瞒(秘密);踌躇，畏缩不前”(如His poor education is holding him back; The police had back the crowd; He was holding something back from us; No one held back in face of danger.)hold up“举起;支撑;使停顿，使不能继续进行;(拦路)抢劫”hold on(单独用)“握住不放;坚持下去;(电话)请等一会儿”hold out(单独用)“伸出;坚持(要求)，不屈服(for sth)

　　42.答案D。alternative(to) n.“取舍，抉择;供选择的东西，替代办法“(如You have the alter-native of fighting or being taken prisoner; The alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting;<常考句型>One has no alternative but to/There is no alternative for one but to fight.)substitute(for)n.”代用品，代替品”replacement(of) n.“替代，替换;替代的人或物”preference(for/to) n.“偏爱，更喜爱;优先(权)”(have a preference for sth; choose A in preference to B.)

　　43.答案C。concern vt.“涉及，有关于;使关心，使挂念”(如This matter concerns all of us; I am not concerned with that matter any longer; His illness concerns me very much; be concerned with/about/for/over sth“对……表示关心或忧虑”;注：过去分词作定语放在名词前面表示“关切的”，如with a concerned look;放在名词后面表示“有关的，相关的”，如We shall have to consult the persons concerned.)connect vt.“连接，联系”(句型：connect A and/to B; The pipe connects with the sewer.)relate v.“(使互相)关联”(句型：relate A and/to/with B; relate to sth)interest vt.“使感兴趣，引起……的关注”

　　44.答案B. interval n.“(幕间或工间的)一段休息时间;间隔，间距”(at intervals“不时，每隔……时间或距离”)at large(作后置定语)“大多数的”(如students at large);(作表语)“(犯罪分子)未被捕获的，逍遥法外的”△at random (作状语)“随意的，任意地”at length“最终，终于;长时间地，长篇大论地”

　　45.答案A。pursue vt.“追求，从事;追赶，追踪”chase vt.“追逐，追赶”attain vt.“达到，获得”reach vt.“抵达，达到”

　　46.答案B。qualify v.“(使)具有资格，(使)胜任，(使)合适(如He qualified as a doctor; His training qualified him as a teacher of English; He’s well qualified for/to do the job.)equal vt.”等于，比得上“match v.”(和……)相配，(和……相称“fit vt.”(衣服)适合，合身;适合，符合“(in/into)

　　47.答案C. lose no time in doing sth “立即“(如I shall lose no time in beginning work.)delay v.”推迟;耽搁，延误“(句型：delay sb/sth/an action/-ing,不说delay time)lessen v.“减少，减轻”slip vi.“滑落;溜走”

　　48.答案A。cut off“切断，阻断，停掉;使电话中断”(cut off the water supply; cut off the enemy’s retreat; be cut off from the outside world.)cut down“消减，减少”cut back“削减，缩减;急忙返回”cut out“割去，删去”

　　49.答案B。equivalent(to) adj.“相等的，相当的;等量的，等值的”;n.“相等物”(如What is $5 equivalent to in French francs? His behavior was equivalent to treason; He earns the equivalent of $50 a month.)alike adj.“同样的，相像的”same adj.(必须与the 连用)“相同的，一样的”approximate(to) adj.“近似的，大约的”

　　50.答案C。rational adj.“理性的，合理的”(a rational man; a rational plan; rational arguments)responsible(for) adj.“须负责的;责任重大的;有责任感的”reliable adj.“可靠的”conscious(of) adj.“意识到的，自觉的;有意的;神志清醒的”

　　51.答案D。shortage n.“不足，缺少”deline n.“下降，减少，衰落”○rarity n.“稀少，少见的人或东西”(常与不定冠词连用)○scarcity n.[u]“缺乏，稀少”

　　52.答案B。in case of (状语，放在句末)“以防，防备”;(状语，放在句首)“假如，如果发生”(如Always keep a bucket of water handy in case of fire; In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.)(区分：in the case of 多用于对比，常含有“而……的情况却不同”之意，如Poverty depresses most people, but in the case of my father it was otherwise; Mary failed to hand homework in time because she was ill; but it was different in the case of Jane-she was lazy.)for the sake of“为了，为了……的利益;看在……的份上”at the risk of“冒着……的危险”in spite of “虽然，尽管;不管，不顾”

　　53.答案D。at length“长时间地;详细地;最终，终于”(如He spoke at length on his plans for the future; We discussed the matter at length; At length he came to understand it.)in turn“依次地，轮流地;反过来”in conclusion“最后”(用在结束语中)at first “最初，起先”

　　54.答案A。give rise to sth“引起，导致，成为……的原因”(如The depression gave rise to widespread unemployment; This plan has given rise to various problems.)reason n.“理由，原因”(句型：have reason to do /for-ing; sth stands to reason;不说give reason to sth)ground n.(常用复数)“理由，根据”(句型：have no ground[s]for-ing; do sth on personal grounds/on the grounds of ill health,etc)suspicion n.“怀疑”(常用搭配：arouse suspicion; have suspicion of/about sth/that…)

　　55.答案C。turn out“(工厂)生产，制造(产品);(学校)培养(人才);驱逐，使离开;关掉，旋熄“turn off”关，关闭;转到另一条路“turn down”关小，调低;拒绝“turn in“上交，交还;上床睡觉”

　　56.答案B。missing adj.“缺失的，失踪的，不见了，少了”losing adj.“正在输掉的”

　　57.答案C.descend vi.“下降，下来;往下走;降生”fall vi.“落下;下降;减弱”decrease v’“减少，减小”lower vt’“放下，降下，放低”

　　58.答案C.let off“放过，宽恕(使不受惩罚);允许不干;排放”(如let sb off[from]doing sth“允许某人不做某事”;The judge let him off with a warning“法官给他以警告就放过了他”。)let down“使(某人)失望;放下，降低”let alone“不打扰，不惊动;更别提……”let out“释放，放走;发出”

　　59.答案B.blame n.[u]“过错，事故的)责任;责怪，责备”(句型：put/lay/bring the blame on sb“怪在某人身上”;The blame rests on sb“责任在某人”;take the blame on oneself for sth/bear the blame for sth“承担……的责任”)○guilt n.“罪，罪责”charge n.作“罪名，指控”解时不与take搭配;take charge of sth 表示“对……负责，接管”的意思○accusation n.“职责，控告”(不说take accusation for sth)

　　60.答案A。adapt vt.“改编，改写”(如The author is adapting his play for television; This exercise is adapted from Book V.)acknowledge vt.“承认，认为……属实”assemble vt.“装备;集合，召集”appoint vt.“任命，委派;约定(时间或地点)”(句型：appoint sb[to be][as]chairman; appoint a day/a place for a meeting)

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