中国科学院2015年考博英语真题03

2021-03-17 10:25:42来源：中国科学院

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　　Part B Reading Comprehension

　　Section A (60 minutes, 30 points)

　　Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B，C，and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

　　Passage One

　　Designating this book (Handbook of Personality Psychology) a “handbook” is at once accurate and possibly unfortunate. Handbooks are frequently rather dreary affairs, occasionally useful as sources and for citation but scarcely worth reading.

　　In fact, this book is highly interesting and readable, comprehensive and authoritative. The domain of personality is covered almost completely, and the material is quite up to date. This book is not a collection of previously published or only slightly reworked papers. It gives clear indication of the careful thought the editors gave to its planning and their firm control over its writing. To begin with, it is wholly refreshing to have a comprehensive work on personality that pays no particular attention to theories of personality. There are no chapters in this volume to review what Freud said or Adler or Rogers or Bandura or anyone else. Theorists such as Freud are mentioned when their views are relevant

　　to topics under discussion, but, blessedly, no summaries of the major theories are included. Instead, the editors present a comprehensive and coherent view of the field of personality today.

　　The work is presented in eight sections that deal in essence with what personality is, how it is studied, how it develops its biological and social determinants, how personality works, and what it is useful for. There are 36 chapters extending nearly a thousand pages. The editors chose specific authors for each of the chapters ; they chose well and they were remarkably successful in getting the participation of authoritative scientists who generally write quite well.

　　The handbook lends itself well to its function as a resource volume. Its only obvious deficiency is the lack of a name index, which in these days of information processors should have been possible at modest cost.

　　Many years ago, I gave up teaching a theories-of-personality course because the dominant textbook was so thorough and well done that it left me with very little to do in the classroom. This handbook would, I think，be a splendid textbook, despite the thoroughness of its coverage, because it leaves the instructor with the challenging but engaging task of integrating the material, which would provide an opening for any instructor with a particular theoretical passion, but many other routes to integration are possible.

　　36. For The Handbook of Personality Psychology, the title of “handbook” may be unfortunate because handbooks .

　　A. are difficult to compile B. are often considered boring

　　C. can become outdated soon D. can miss a lot of important information

　　37. The author likes this handbook partly because it does not .

　　A. focus on theories of personality B. relate to previous psychologists

　　C. discuss research on personality D. deal with what is beyond psychology

　　38. The book talks about Freud only when .

　　A. his theories are compared with others, B. his contemporaries are mentioned

　　C. the discussion concerns his ideas D. major personality theories are in conflict

　　39. According to the author, the editors of the book are .

　　A. particular about the structure of the book

　　B. reserved in presenting their own views