四川大学2014年考博英语真题

　　医学博士英语统一考试之后，即将迎来各院校的考博英语初试，英语考试的备考，参考历年真题是一个很重要的备考过程，今天新东方在线小编给大家整理了四川大学2014年考博英语真题，帮助大家更好的备考，考博英语考试，一起来看看吧!

全国院校考博英语历年真题汇总

　　Reading Comprehension 1

　　In general,our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages,Nell-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and"human-relations"experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless,that he is bored with it.In fact,the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.

　　The worker and employee are anxious,not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.

　　Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job,they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence.From the moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists,for whom testing is a big business,and by their superiors,who judge their behavior,sociability,capacity to get along,etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress,the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

　　Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century"free enterprise"capitalism?Certainly not.Problems the never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system form,a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maxima,production and consumption are ends in themselves,into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.

　　1.By"a well-oiled cog in the machinery"the author intends to deliver the idea that man is ____.

　　A.a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible

　　B.working in complete harmony with the rest of the society

　　C.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society

　　D.a humble component of the society,especially when working smoothly

　　2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.

　　A.they are likely to lose their jobs

　　B.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life

　　C.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence

　　D.they are deprived of their individuality and independence

　　3.From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.

　　A.who are at the bottom of the society

　　B.who are higher up in their social status

　　C.who prove better than their fellow-competitors

　　D.who could dip fir away from this competitive world

　　4.To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should ____.

　　A.resort to the production mode of our ancestors

　　B.offer higher wages to the workers and employees

　　C.enable man to fully develop his potentialities

　　D.take the fundamental realities for granted

　　5.The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ____.

　　A.approval

　　B.dissatisfaction

　　C.suspicion

　　D.susceptibility

　　【参考翻译】

　　总的来说，我们的社会正在成为由官僚管理指导的大型企业之一，在这种管理下，人成了机器中一个小小的、运转良好的齿轮。石油是通过更高的工资、通风良好的工厂和管道音乐，以及心理学家和“人际关系”专家来完成的;然而，所有这些石油并没有改变一个事实，那就是人类已经变得无能为力了，他已经对此感到厌倦了。事实上，蓝领和白领已经变成了随着自动化机器和官僚管理的节拍起舞的经济傀儡。

　　工人和雇员都很焦虑，不仅是因为他们可能会失业，还因为他们无法从有趣的生活中获得真正的满足感。他们生与死，从来没有作为情感上、智力上独立和多产的人类，面对人类生存的基本现实。

　　那些社会地位较高的人也同样焦虑不安。他们的生活和他们的下属一样空虚。在某些方面，他们甚至更加不安全。他们在激烈的竞争中。被提升或落后不是薪水的问题，而是自尊的问题。当他们申请第一份工作时，他们不仅要接受智力测试，还要接受顺从和独立的恰当混合测试。从那一刻起，他们就一次次地接受测试——对心理学家来说，测试是一项大生意，而他们的上级则会评判他们的行为、社交能力、相处能力等等。不断地需要证明自己和竞争对手一样好，甚至比对手更好，这就不断地产生焦虑和压力，而这些正是不快乐和疾病的根源。

　　我是在建议我们应该回到工业化前的生产方式，还是回到19世纪的“自由企业”资本主义?当然不是。回到一个已经长大的阶段，永远无法解决的问题。我建议把我们的社会制度形式，一种以最大限度、生产和消费为目的的官僚管理的工业主义，转变为一种以人为本的工业主义，在这种工业主义中，人和他的潜力的充分开发——所有的爱和理性——是社会安排的目标。生产和消费只应作为达到这一目的的手段，并应防止统治人类。

　　Reading Comprehension 2

　　The government-run command post in Tunis is staffed around the clock by military personnel,meteorologists and civilians.On the wall are maps,crisscrossed with brightly colors arrows that painstakingly track the fearsome path of the enemy.

　　What kind of invader gives rise to such high-level monitoring?Not man,not beast,but the lowly desert locust(蝗虫).In recent moths,billions of the 3-inch-long winged warriors have descended on Algeria,Libya,Morocco and Tunisia,blackening the sky and eating up crops and vegetation.The insect invasion,the worst in 30 years,is already creating great destruction in the Middle East and is now treating southern Europe.The current crisis began in late 1985 near the Red Sea.Unusually rainy weather moistened the sands of the Sudan,making them ideal breeding grounds for the locust,which lays its eggs in the earth.The insect onslaught threatens to create yet another African famine.Each locust can eat its weight(not quite a tenth of an ounce)in vegetation every 24 hours.A good-size swarm of 50 billion insects eats up 100,000 tons of grass,trees and crops in a single night.

　　All$150 million may be needed this year.The U.S.has provided two spraying planes and about 50,000 gal.of pesticide.The European Community has donated$8 million in aid and the Soviet Union,Canada,Japan and China have provided chemical-spraying aircraft to help wipe out the pests.But relief efforts are hampered by the relative mildness of approved pesticides,which quickly lose their deadly punch and require frequent replications.The most effective locust killer Dieldrin has been linked to cancer and is banned by many Western countries and some of the affected African nations.More than 5 million acres have been dusted with locust-killing chemicals;another 5 million will be treated by the end of June.

　　On May 30,representatives of Tunisia,Algeria,Libya,Morocco and Mauritania will meet in Algiers to discuss tactics to wipe out the ravenous swarms.The move is an important step,but whatever plan is devised,the locust plague promised to get worse before the insects can be brought under control.

　　6.The main idea of the first sentence in the passage is that ____.

　　A.the command post is stationed with people all the time.

　　B.the command post is crowded with people all the time.

　　C.there are clocks around the command post.

　　D.the clock in the command post is taken care of by the staff.

　　7.The favorable breeding ground for the locust is ____.

　　A.rich soil.

　　B.wet land

　　C.spaces covered crops and vegetation

　　D.the Red Sea

　　8.People are alert at the threat of the locust because ____.

　　A.the insects are likely to create another African famine.

　　B.the insects may blacken the sky.

　　C.the number of the insects increases drastically.

　　D.the insects are gathering and moving in great speed.

　　9.Which of the following is true?

　　A.Once the pesticides are used,locust will die immediately.

　　B.Relief efforts are proved most fruitful due to the effectiveness of certain pesticides.

　　C.Dieldrin,the most effective locust killer,has been widely accepted in many countries.

　　D.Over 10 million acres of affected area will have been treated with locust-killing chemicals by the end of June.

　　10.The purpose for affected nations to meet in Algiers on May 30 is ____.

　　A.to devise antilocust plans.

　　B.to wipe out the swarms in two years.

　　C.to call out for additional financial aid from other nations.

　　D.to bring the insects under control before the plague gets worse.

　　【参考翻译】

　　突尼斯的政府指挥站由军事人员、气象学家和平民日夜不停地工作。墙上是地图，用色彩鲜艳的箭头纵横交错，煞费苦心地追踪着敌人可怕的路径。

　　什么样的入侵者才会产生如此高水平的监控?不是男人,也不是野兽,但卑微的沙漠蝗虫(蝗虫)。在最近的几个月里，数以十亿计长达3英寸的有翼战士袭击了阿尔及利亚、利比亚、摩洛哥和突尼斯，天空被熏黑，庄稼和植被被吃掉。这是30年来最严重的一次昆虫入侵，已经在中东造成了巨大的破坏，目前正在治疗南欧。目前的危机始于1985年底红海附近。异常多雨的天气滋润了苏丹的沙土，使其成为蝗虫的理想滋生地，蝗虫在地下产卵。昆虫的猛攻可能会造成另一场非洲饥荒。每只蝗虫可以在24小时内吃掉它的重量(不到十分之一盎司)。一个庞大的500亿只昆虫在一个晚上吃掉了10万吨的草、树和庄稼。

　　今年可能需要所有的1.5亿美元。美国已提供两架喷射机及约50,000加仑的除害剂。欧盟捐赠了800万美元的援助，苏联、加拿大、日本和中国也提供了化学喷涂飞机来帮助消灭害虫。但由于获准使用的杀虫剂相对温和，救援工作受到了阻碍，农药很快就失去了致命效力，需要频繁重复使用。最有效的杀蝗剂狄氏剂与癌症有关，被许多西方国家和一些受影响的非洲国家禁止使用。500多万英亩土地上撒满了杀死蝗虫的化学物质;另外500万英亩将在6月底前得到处理。

　　5月30日，突尼斯、阿尔及利亚、利比亚、摩洛哥和毛里塔尼亚的代表将在阿尔及尔会面，讨论消灭饥饿人群的策略。这是一个重要的步骤，但无论制定什么计划，蝗灾都有可能在蝗虫得到控制之前恶化。

　　Reading Comprehension 3

　　The London 2012 sustainability watchdog embroiled in a row over the sports ship of the Olympic Stadium by Dow Chemical is to push the International Olympic Committee to appoint an"ethics champion"for future Games.

　　The Commission for a Sustainable London 2012 has been bruised by criticism over Dow's sponsorship of the wrap that will surround the Olympic stadium,particularly since commissioner Meredith Alexander last month resigned in protest.

　　Campaigners believe that Dow has ongoing liabilities relating to the 1984 Bhopal disaster that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 20,000 people and the serious injury of tens of thousands more.Dow,which bought the owner of the plant in 2001,insists that all liabilities have been settled in full.

　　Commission chairman Shaun McCarthy said that its tight sustainability remit did not extend to acting as moral guardian of the Olympic movement but that it would press for such a role to be created when evaluating sponsors for future Games.

　　In addition to sponsoring the 7m pounds wrap that will surround the Olympic Stadium,Dow has a separate 100m dollars sponsorship deal with the IOC that was signed in.

　　But McCarthy also defended the commission's role in evaluating the Dow deal,after Amnesty International wrote to London 2012 chairman Lord Coe to raise the issue.

　　"What has been lost in all of this story is that a really excellent,sustainable product has been procured,we looked at Locog's examination of Dow Chemical's current corporate responsibility policies and,again,Dow achieved that highest score in that evaluation.We verified that."said McCarthy.

　　"As far as the history is concerned and issues around Bhopal,there is no doubt Bhopal was a terrible disaster and snore injustice was done to the victims.Who is responsible for that injustice is a matter for the courts and a matter for others.We have a specific remit and terms of reference that we operate under and we have operated diligently under those terms."

　　The commission will on Thursday release its annual review.It finds that"good press"has been made to wands many of Locog's sustainability target,but that"major challenges"remain.In particular,the commission found that there was no coherent strategy to achieve a 20%reduction in carbon emissions after an earlier scheme to use renewable energy feel through when a wind turbine on the site proved impractical.

　　"We had conversations with Locog over a year ago about this and said they had to demonstrate how they were going to achieve at least 20%carbon reductions through energy conservation if they're not going to do it through renewable energy,"said McCarthy."There are some good initiatives,but quite frankly they just haven't done it."

　　11.Why was Dow's sponsorship criticized according to the passage?

　　A.The products are not sustainable.

　　B.It was related to Bhopal disaster.

　　C.It bribed the London Olympic committee.

　　D.It can't reduce 20%of the carbon emission.

　　12.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

　　A.Commission's role

　　B.Commission's achievements

　　C.Commission's complaints

　　D.Commission's defense

　　13.Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word"row"(Para.1)?

　　A.line

　　B.argument

　　C.boating

　　D.course

　　14.What is one of the challenges of the sustainability target mentioned in the passage?

　　A.Ethic champion of the games.

　　B.Reduction in carbon emissions.

　　C.The wind turbine proved to be impractical.

　　D.Renewable energy is not available.

　　15.Which of the following can best summarize the passage?

　　A.Commission defends its own role in evaluating controversial.

　　B.Dow's way to the 2012 London Olympic Games.

　　C.Campaign against Dow's sponsorship.

　　D.IOC's review on the controversy.

　　【参考翻译】

　　2012年伦敦奥运会可持续发展监督机构卷入了陶氏化学(Dow Chemical)与奥林匹克体育场(Olympic Stadium)的争端，该机构将推动国际奥委会(ioc)为未来奥运会任命一位“道德冠军”。

　　2012年伦敦奥运会可持续发展委员会(Commission for a Sustainable London 2012)因陶氏化学(Dow chemical)赞助将围绕奥林匹克体育场(Olympic stadium)举行的颁奖礼而受到批评，尤其是在该委员会委员亚历山大(Meredith Alexander)上月因抗议而辞职后。

　　活动人士认为，陶氏化学对1984年博帕尔(Bhopal)灾难负有责任，那场灾难造成估计2万人死亡，数万人严重受伤。陶氏化学在2001年收购了这家工厂的所有者，该公司坚称，所有债务已全部结清。

　　该委员会主席肖恩麦卡锡(Shaun McCarthy)表示，该委员会严格的可持续发展职责并不包括充当奥林匹克运动的道德卫士，但它将敦促在评估未来奥运会赞助商时，建立这样一个角色。

　　除了赞助围绕奥林匹克体育场的700万英镑的包裹外，陶氏化学还与国际奥委会签署了一项1亿美元的赞助协议。

　　但在国际特赦组织(Amnesty International)写信给2012年伦敦奥运会主席科勋爵(Lord Coe)提出该问题后，麦卡锡还为该委员会在评估陶氏化学交易中的作用进行了辩护。

　　“在这整个故事中，我们失去的是一个真正优秀的、可持续的产品已经被采购，我们看了伦敦奥组委对陶氏化学公司当前企业责任政策的审查，再次，陶氏在评估中获得了最高分。我们验证。”麦卡锡说。

　　“就历史和博帕尔事件而言，博帕尔无疑是一场可怕的灾难，受害者受到了不公正的对待。谁应对这种不公正负责，是法院的事，也是别人的事。我们有具体的职权范围和职权范围，我们在这些条款下努力工作。

　　欧盟委员会将于周四发布年度评估报告。报告发现，许多伦敦奥组委的可持续发展目标都得到了“良好的宣传”，但“重大挑战”依然存在。特别值得一提的是，委员会发现，在先前的一项利用可再生能源的计划被证明不切实际后，并没有一致的策略来实现碳排放量减少20%的目标。

　　麦卡锡说:“我们与伦敦奥组委一年多前就这个问题进行了对话，他们说，如果不通过可再生能源来实现，他们必须证明，他们将如何通过节能来实现至少20%的碳减排。”“有一些很好的倡议，但坦率地说，他们只是没有这么做。”

　　Passage Four

　　As Facebook dominates the news with its initial public offering,activists are seizing the moment to pressure the company to add some estrogen and ethnicity to its white-male board.

　　A women's rights group called Ultraviolet,which has been running an online petition that claims to have attracted more than 50,000 signatures,is escalating its push,posting a new YouTube video called"Do Women Have a Future at Facebook?".The video shows photos of successful women such as Hillary Clinton getting their heads cropped off the replaced with the smiling face of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.

　　"Facebook has grown off the backs of women,who make up the majority of its users and are responsible for the majority of sharing and fan activity on the site,"the group says in a blurb accompanying the video.An all-male board,the group says,is"not just wrong,it's bad for business".A related campaign,called Face It,criticizes the lack of ethnic diversity on the seven-member board."seven white men:That's ridiculous,"the group says on its homepage,along side headshots of the men.The campaign,which lists dozens of human-rights groups and corporate executives as supporters,also has its own YouTube video.Called"Face it,Facebook",the video cites a recent Zuckerberg letter to investors that says:"Facebook was not originally created to be a company.It was built to accomplish a social mission-to make the world more open and connected."

　　That message is at[odds with]the pale-faced board,activists say.Susan Stautberg,co-chairwoman of Women Corporate Directors,an organization for female corporate board members,says Zuckerberg's thinking is flawed."If you're trying to expand a company globally,then you want someone on the board who has built a global brand,"she says."Most of these guys on Facebook's board all have the same skills-they're mostly from Silicon Valley and Washington.You want someone who has worked in China and India and rising markets.You want someone who has marketed to women.When you're putting together a board,you don't want your best friends,you want the best people."

　　Having zero female directors does not appear to be a good business plan,research shows.Companies with women on the board perform.substantially better than companies with all-mall boards,according to a 2011 study of Fortune 500 companies conducted by the research group Catalyst.The study showed that over the course of four to five years,companies with three or more female board members,on average,outperformed companies with no female board members by 84 percent when it came to return on sales and by 60 percent when it came to return on invested capital.

　　Facebook may secretly be on the lookout for a female board member,according to a recent Bloomberg report.Citing unnamed sources,Bloomberg said Facebook had enlisted the corporate-recruitment firm Spencer Stuart to help seek some diversity.Spencer Stuary says it does not comment on clients due to confidentiality agreements.

　　16.Which of the following descriptions is CORRECT about the Ultraviolet Group?

　　A.It is a non-government organization.

　　B.It is appealing for"more female roles in big corporations like Facebook"throughthe Internet.

　　C.It has the support of many female celebrities such as Hillary Clinton.

　　D.It is getting more and more support from the society.

　　17.Which of the following descriptions is INCORRECT about the campaign"Face It"?

　　A.It pointed out the irrational composition of Facebook's board of directors.

　　B.The campaign has plenty of human-rights supporters.

　　C.It indicated the original objective of Zuckerberg's establishment of Facebook.

　　D.It is constantly using other media devices to support Facebook.

　　18.The underlined phrase"at odds with"in the fourth paragraph has the closest meaning of ____.

　　A.against all odds

　　B.supported by

　　C.disagree with

　　D.waifs and strays

　　19.According to Susan Stauberg,a well-performed business should _____.

　　A.have a complex system of management.

　　B.possess the most market globally.

　　C.have your best and close friends as your board members.

　　D.have a diverse board member in which everyone has his/her own specialties and can contribute different skills into the corporation.

　　20.What will probably happen to Facebook?

　　A.The corporation will turn to Spencer Stuart for recruiting more female board members.

　　B.The corporation will dominate the news because its worldwide popularity.

　　C.The corporation will gradually lose its users because it does not have female board members.

　　D.None of the above.

　　【参考翻译】

　　随着Facebook首次公开发行(ipo)在新闻媒体中占据主导地位，维权人士正抓紧时机向该公司施压，要求其在白人男性董事会中加入一些雌激素和种族成分。

　　一个名为Ultraviolet的女权组织一直在网上发起请愿活动，声称自己已经吸引了超过5万个签名。该组织正在加大力度，在YouTube上发布一个名为“女性在Facebook有未来吗?”这段视频展示了一些成功女性的照片，比如希拉里克林顿(Hillary Clinton)的头被剪掉，取而代之的是Facebook创始人马克扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)的笑脸。

　　该组织在视频附带的简介中称:“Facebook已经从女性的背后成长起来，女性占据了Facebook用户的绝大部分，并且在该网站上负责大部分的分享和粉丝活动。”该集团表示，全男性董事会“不仅是错误的，对企业也不利”。一个名为Face It的相关运动批评了由七名成员组成的委员会缺乏种族多样性。“七个白人:这太荒谬了，”该组织在其主页上说，旁边还有他们的头像。这场运动将数十个人权组织和企业高管列为支持者，它也有自己的YouTube视频。这段名为“面对现实吧，Facebook”的视频引用了扎克伯格最近写给投资者的一封信。它的建立是为了完成一项社会使命——使世界更加开放和互联。

　　活动人士表示，这一信息与脸色苍白的董事会存在分歧。女性企业董事协会(Women Corporate Directors)是一个面向女性企业董事会成员的组织，其联合主席苏珊•斯托伯格(Susan Stautberg)表示，扎克伯格的想法是有缺陷的。她表示:“如果你试图在全球范围内扩张一家公司，那么你希望董事会中有人已经建立了一个全球品牌。”Facebook董事会中的大多数人都拥有同样的技能——他们大多来自硅谷和华盛顿。你需要的是在中国、印度和新兴市场工作过的人。你想要一个向女性推销产品的人。当你组建董事会时，你不想要最好的朋友，你想要最好的人。

　　研究显示，没有女性董事似乎不是一个好的商业计划。董事会中有女性成员的公司表现出色。研究机构Catalyst在2011年对《财富》500强企业进行的一项研究显示，该公司的表现明显好于拥有全商场董事会的公司。研究显示，在4到5年的时间里，女性董事会成员超过3名的公司，平均而言，在销售回报和投资回报方面，女性董事会成员超过女性的公司分别高出84%和60%。

　　根据彭博社(Bloomberg)最近的一份报告，Facebook可能在暗中寻找一位女性董事会成员。彭博社援引未透露姓名的消息人士的话说，Facebook已经聘请了企业招聘公司斯宾塞斯图尔特(Spencer Stuart)帮助寻找多样性。斯宾塞·斯图里(Spencer Stuary)表示，由于保密协议的原因，公司不对客户置评。

　　Passage Five

　　For this generation of young people,the future looks bleak.Only one in six is working full time.Three out of five live with their parents or other relatives.A large majority-73 percent-think they need more education to find a successful career,but only half of those say they will definitely enroll in the next few years.No,they are not the idle youth of Greece or Spain or Egypt.They are the youth of America,the world's richest country,who do not have college degrees and aren't getting them anytime soon.Whatever the sob stories about recent college graduates spinning their wheels as baristas or clerks,the situation for their less-educated peers is far worse.For this group,finding work that pays a living wage and offers some sense of security has been elusive.

　　Despite the continuing national conversation about whether college is worth it given the debt burden it entails,most high school graduates without college degrees said they believe they would be unable to get good jobs without more education.

　　Getting it is challenging,though,and not only because of formidable debt levels.Ms.McClour and her husband,Andy,have two daughters under 3 and another due next month.She said she tried enrolling in college classes,but the workload became too stressful with such young children.Mr.McClour works at a gas station.He hates his work and wants to study phlebotomy,but the nearest school is an hour and half away.

　　Many of these young people had been expecting to go to college since they started high school,perhaps anticipating that employers would demand skills high schools do not teach.Just one in ten high school graduates without college degrees said they were"extremely well prepared by their high school to succeed in their job after graduation."These young people worried about getting left behind and were pessimistic about reaching some of the milestones that make up the American dream.More than half-56 percent-of high school graduates without college diplomas said that their generation would have less financial success than their parents.About the same share believed they would find work that offered health insurance within that time frame.Slightly less than half of respondents said the next few years would bring work with good job security or a job with earnings that were high"enough to lead a comfortable life".They were similarly pessimistic about being able to start a family or buy a home.

　　The online survey was conducted between March 21 and April 2,and covered a nationally representative survey of 544 high school graduates from the classes of 2006-11 who did not have bachelor's degrees.The margin of sampling error was plus or minus 5 percentage points.

　　21.What does the underlined phrase"spinning their wheels"mean in Paragraph 1?

　　A.fastening the pace

　　B.confusing the situation

　　C.asking for help

　　D.scooting out

　　22.What will the high school graduates probably do according to the article?

　　A.Find jobs right after graduation.

　　B.Receive further study in college.

　　C.Go to join the national conversation.

　　D.Pay for the debt.

　　23.What does the story of"Andy and Ms.McClour"try to inform us?

　　A.They both prefer making money to education.

　　B.Colleges do not accept students who are married and have children.

　　C.Although people are eager to join in the college,life burden may block in the way.

　　D.None of the above.

　　24.What is the financial outlook for this generation compared with their parents?

　　A.They have a prosperous outlook compared with the last generation.

　　B.Their financial situation is not as successful as their parents.

　　C.It depends on how hard they work and their educational background.

　　D.Not mentioned in the article.

　　25.What can we infer from the last sentence?

　　A.The online survey is done nationally.

　　B.The result of the survey is completely trustworthy.

　　C.There is more or less inaccuracy of the survey.

　　D.The survey will have a continuous part coming soon.

　　【参考译文】

　　对于这一代年轻人来说，未来看起来很黯淡。只有六分之一的人是全职工作。五分之三的人与父母或其他亲戚住在一起。绝大多数人(73%)认为，他们需要接受更多教育才能找到一份成功的职业，但其中只有一半的人表示，他们肯定会在未来几年入学。不，他们不是希腊、西班牙或埃及那些无所事事的年轻人。他们是美国的年轻人，世界上最富有的国家，他们没有大学文凭，也不会很快拿到。不管最近大学毕业生做咖啡师或店员的悲惨故事如何，那些受教育程度较低的同龄人的情况要糟糕得多。对于这群人来说，找到一份既能维持生计、又能给他们带来安全感的工作并不容易。

　　尽管全国都在讨论大学是否值得，因为它会带来沉重的债务负担，但大多数没有大学学位的高中毕业生表示，他们相信，如果没有更多的教育，他们就无法找到好工作。

　　然而，要做到这一点是很有挑战性的，不仅因为债务水平高得可怕。麦克卢尔和她的丈夫安迪有两个不到3岁的女儿，还有一个下个月就要生了。她说她曾试着报读大学课程，但由于孩子太小，课业压力太大。麦克卢尔在加油站工作。他讨厌工作，想学习静脉切开术，但离最近的学校有一个半小时的路程。

　　这些年轻人中有许多人从高中开始就期待着上大学，也许他们以为雇主会要求高中不教的技能。只有十分之一的没有大学学位的高中毕业生说他们“为毕业后的工作做好了充分的准备”。这些年轻人担心落后，对实现美国梦的一些里程碑感到悲观。在没有大学文凭的高中毕业生中，超过一半56%的人说他们这一代人的经济成就不如他们的父母。大约有同样比例的人认为他们会在这段时间内找到提供医疗保险的工作。略少于一半的受访者表示，未来几年将会有一份稳定的工作，或者一份收入“足以过上舒适生活”的工作。他们同样对能否组建家庭或买房感到悲观。

　　这项在线调查是在3月21日至4月2日之间进行的，调查对象是544名未取得学士学位的2006-11年级高中毕业生。抽样误差范围为正负5个百分点。

　　Reading Comprehension 6

　　Some 60 years ago,George Orwell wrote an allegorical novel,called Nineteen Eighty-Four,to describe life in a futuristic Britain under a one party police-sate presided over by an all-powerful figure known as Big Brother.One of the fealures of the nasty world described by Orwell was its systematic misuse of language,which went by the name of"Newspeak".By re-defining words and endlessly repeating them,the Ministry of Truth through the Thought Police was able to control what people thought,and through that,their actions.Language was instrumental in destroying the culture.

　　The same technique is being used by different people today,with similar effects.In all areas of public administration,the words"spouse","husband"and"wife"have been replace by the word"partner",although the words are subtly but substantially different in meaning,and convey different realities.In some schools and university departments,feminist ideologues have dictated that the personal pronoun"he"must not be used,and is replaced by the word"they",which means something different.The word"homophobic",which just a few years ago was used to describe a person who supported vigilante action against homosexuals,is now being used to describe anyone who defends the universal definition of marriage.

　　Although the transformation of language is seen most obviously around social issues,it is also being used systematically to shape political debate.So,we are told that the federal government is introducing a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme,which is newspeak for its new carbon tax.The fact is that the new tax is not remotely concerned with"carbon pollution"at all,but rather with emissions of the gas CO2 which is not a pollutant by any credible definition,but rather,an essential building block in every cell in every living plant and creature.By the government's own admission,it will not lead to any reduction in CO2 levels,either in Australia or globally.And the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme is being introduced in Australia at the same time the government is expanding exports of coal,which is virtually 100 percent carbon,to countries such as China.

　　We live in a society in which the ordinary meaning of words is being systematically manipulated by spin-doctors and ideologues,as a means of changing the way people think,and,more fundamentally,the way they act.Language is an important part of the culture wars.For those of us who see this as a challenge to the foundations of society,it is important that we identify the problem and expose it.

　　It is clearly preferable to avoid using the new debased,transformed language of the politically-correct left,although this can be difficult in situations where constant usage has already normalized it,as has happened with the term"same-sex marriage".The alternative phrase,"same-sex unions",has a different meaning.When such terms are used,they should be identified for what they are:a form.of linguistic dishonesty,designed to undermine existing institutions and transform.them.

　　26.Which of the following descriptions is INCORRECT about George Orwell's allegorical novel Nineteen Eighty-Four?

　　A.It describes a story that happens in the future.

　　B.One of the features in the novel is the misuse of language.

　　C.It is the most famous detective novel in the world.

　　D.It was written in the 20th century.

　　27.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of misuse of language?

　　A.Feminists insist"he"be replaced by"they".

　　B."Partner"has taken the place of"husband"and"wife".

　　C."Homophobic"is now being employed to refer to defend conventional understanding of marriage.

　　D.The meaning of"literacy"is no longer restricted to the ability to read and write.

　　28.The example of carbon pollution is used to illustrate _______.

　　A.transformation of language is usually seen in social issues.

　　B.transformation of language is also tracked in political debate.

　　C.transformation of language is generated in the age of information.

　　D.transformation of language is legitimate to a certain extent.

　　29.The underlined word"credible"in Para.3 means ______.

　　A.reliable

　　B.correct

　　C.beneficial

　　D.provable

　　30.According to the passage,transformed language serves to _______.

　　A.make people sound fashionable

　　B.change the way people think and act

　　C.eliminate discrimination against minorities

　　D.None of the above

　　【参考译文】

　　大约60年前，乔治•奥威尔(George Orwell)写了一部寓言小说《一九八四》(1984)，描述了未来主义的英国的生活。在一个名为“老大哥”(Big Brother)的全能人物领导下，英国实行一党专政。奥威尔所描述的恶劣世界的一个特点是对语言的系统性滥用，被称为“新语言”。通过重新定义词语并不断地重复它们，真理部通过思想警察能够控制人们的想法，通过他们的行为。语言是破坏文化的工具。

　　现在不同的人都在使用同样的技术，效果也差不多。在公共行政的所有领域中，“配偶”、“丈夫”和“妻子”等字已被“伙伴”字所取代，虽然这些字的含义虽有细微但实质上有所不同，并表达了不同的现实。在一些学校和大学的系里，女权主义理论家已经规定，个人代词“他”不应该被使用，而是被“他们”取代，这意味着一些不同的东西。就在几年前，“恐同症”这个词还被用来形容一个支持针对同性恋的治安维持会行动的人。现在，“恐同症”这个词被用来形容任何一个捍卫婚姻的普遍定义的人。

　　虽然语言的转变最明显地围绕着社会问题，但它也被系统地用来塑造政治辩论。因此，我们被告知联邦政府正在引入一项减少碳污染的计划，这是它的新碳税的新说法。事实是，新税根本与“碳污染”无关，而是与二氧化碳气体的排放有关。从任何可信的定义来看，二氧化碳并不是一种污染物，而是每一个活的植物和生物的每一个细胞的重要组成部分。根据政府自己的承认，这不会导致任何二氧化碳水平的下降，无论是在澳大利亚还是全球。与此同时，澳大利亚政府也在扩大对中国等国家的煤炭出口。

　　我们生活在这样一个社会里，词汇的普通含义正被政治顾问和空想家系统地操纵着，作为一种改变人们思维方式的手段，从根本上改变他们的行为方式。语言是文化战争的重要组成部分。对于我们这些认为这是对社会基础的挑战的人来说，重要的是我们要找出问题并揭露它。

　　显然，最好是避免使用政治正确的左派的新用语，尽管在经常使用的情况下很难做到这一点，就像“同性婚姻”一词一样。另一个短语“同性结合”有不同的含义。当使用这些术语时，应该识别它们是什么:表单。语言的不诚实，旨在破坏现有的制度并改变它们。

　　Vocabulary

　　1.The town was flooded when the river burst its banks.To make it worse,the storm _____ outside.

　　A.raided

　　B.ragged

　　C.raged

　　D.reaped

　　2.My new laptop can _____ information much more quickly than my old computer.

　　A.proceed

　　B.precede

　　C.produce

　　D.process

　　3.The country's failure to abide by the Kyoto Protocol was _____ in all newspapers.

　　A.announced

　　B.denounced

　　C.renounced

　　D.trounced

　　4.The company has _____ over three decades into a multi-million dollar organization.

　　A.evolved

　　B.revolved

　　C.involved

　　D.devolved

　　5.We would like to _____ our customers of the best possible service.

　　A.assure

　　B.ensure

　　C.insure

　　D.ensue

　　6.The government has promised to offer 10 million of emergency food aid to help ______ the famine in this region.

　　A.release

　　B.relate

　　C.reveal

　　D.relieve

　　7.The course _____ two year s'training into six intensive months.

　　A.impresses

　　B.compresses

　　C.depresses

　　D.represses

　　8.Make sure you pour the juice into the glass without _____ it.

　　A.splitting

　　B.spilling

　　C.spinning

　　D.spitting

　　9.The vast majority of people in any culture _____ to the established standard of that culture.

　　A.confine

　　B.conform

　　C.confront

　　D.confirm

　　10.Tom pointed out that the living standard of urban and _____ people continued to improve.

　　A.remote

　　B.municipal

　　C.rural

　　D.provincial

　　11.The Egyptians _____ an area almost equal to France and Spain combined.

　　A.dwell

　　B.settle

　　C.reside

　　D.inhabit

　　12.I'm going to have to take these clothes off,for I'm _____ to the skin!

　　A.dipped

　　B.soaked

　　C.immersed

　　D.submerged

　　13.The WHO has to come up with new and effective measures to _____ his next move in the game.

　　A.limit

　　B.cut

　　C.curb

　　D.keep

　　14.My grandfather sat back in his chair for a few minutes to _____ his next move in the game.

　　A.think

　　B.ponder

　　C.reflect

　　D.dwell

　　15.At this school we aim to _____ the minds of all the students by reading.

　　A.cultivate

　　B.instruct

　　C.teach

　　D.coach

　　16.Most doctors _____ on a diet which contains a lot of fat.

　　A.criticize

　　B.object

　　C.oppose

　　D.frown

　　17.Since you intend to sell your house,how will you _____ of all the furniture?

　　A.disapprove

　　B.discard

　　C.dispose

　　D.disregard

　　18.The politicians were discussing the best way to _____ democracy and prosperity in their country.

　　A.hinder

　　B.foster

　　C.linger

　　D.quote

　　19.Only one member of the committee _____ from the final report.

　　A.dissented

　　B.crawled

　　C.whispered

　　D.redeemed

　　20.We always try to _____ him with financial assistance if necessary.

　　A.dazzle

　　B.sanction

　　C.accommodate

　　D.terminate

　　Cloze

　　The term"quality of life"is difficult to define.It(51)a very wide scope such as living environment,health,employment,food,family life,friends,education,material possessions,leisure and recreation,and so on.(52)speaking,the quality of life,especially(53)seen by the individual,is meaningful in terms of the degree(54)which these various areas of life are available or provide(55)for the individual.

　　As activity carried(56)as one thinks fit during on e's spare time,leisure has the following(57):relaxation,recreation and entertainment,and personal development.The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life style.(58),people who need to(59)much energy in their work will find relaxation most(60)in leisure.Those with a better education and in professional occupations may(61)more to seek recreation and personal development(e.g.(62)of skills and hobbies)in leisure.The specific use of leisure(63)from individual to individual.

　　(64)the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals.Thus,the following are possible uses of television watching,a(65)leisure activity,a change of experience to provide(66)from the stress and strain of work;to learn more about what is happening in one's environment;to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by(67)other people's life experiences as(68)in the programs.

　　Since leisure is basically self-determined,one is able to take(69)his interests and preferences and get(70)in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

　　51.A.composes

　　B.consists

　　C.covers

　　D.constitutes

　　52.A.Basically

　　B.Frankly

　　C.Primarily

　　D.Generally

　　53.A.when

　　B.as

　　C.while

　　D.which

　　54.A.to

　　B.as

　　C.of

　　D.in

　　55.A.satisfaction

　　B.information

　　C.respect

　　D.admiration

　　56.A.out

　　B.through

　　C.away

　　D.off

　　57.A.effects

　　B.operations

　　C.functions

　　D.features

　　58.A.However

　　B.Thus

　　C.Nevertheless

　　D.Yet

　　59.A.provide

　　B.hire

　　C.exercise

　　D.exert

　　60.A.preferable

　　B.desirable

　　C.obtainable

　　D.perfect

　　61.A.tend

　　B.prefer

　　C.enjoy

　　D.oblige

　　62.A.training

　　B.promotion

　　C.nurturing

　　D.cultivation

　　63.A.varies

　　B.differs

　　C.changes

　　D.alters

　　64.A.Still

　　B.Yet

　　C.Even

　　D.So

　　65.A.correct

　　B.adequate

　　C.precise

　　D.proper

　　66.A.separation

　　B.escape

　　C.flight

　　D.isolation

　　67.A.contrasting

　　B.comparing

　　C.matching

　　D.measuring

　　68.A.portrayed

　　B.described

　　C.related

　　D.narrated

　　69.A.after

　　B.on

　　C.with

　　D.to

　　70.A.involved

　　B.participated

　　C.attended

　　D.employed

　　Translation A

　　The impact of decentralization trends,of course,extends well beyond cities.Sprawling development patterns are destabilizing many of the suburbs that surround cities in this country.Older suburbs are experiencing the same challenges as cities:

　　failing schools,persistent crime,and the loss of jobs and businesses to other,further out suburbs.Even suburban areas that are developing rapidly are finding that explosive growth has its drawbacks,especially in the form.of overcrowded schools,but also in long commutes and the inability of local governments to pay for new roads,sewers,and other infrastructure.

　　In the wake of decentralizing economies,central cities remain the residence of"choice"for low-and moderate-income families.While poverty has declined in central cities,urban poverty rates are still twice as high as suburban poverty rates,18.8 percent as against 9.0 percent in 2011 Cities and older suburbs are also.

　　disproportionately home to families whose earnings are above the poverty level,but below median income(national median income is$37,000 a yeas and 200 percent of the poverty for a family of three is$27,000 a year).

　　The implications of concentrated poverty are severe.People in these neighborhoods often face a triple whammy:poor schools,weak job information networks,and scarce jobs.They are more likely to live in female-headed households and have less formal educations than residents of other neighborhoods.

　　【参考译文】

　　当然，权力下放趋势的影响远远超出了城市。庞大的发展模式正在破坏这个国家城市周边许多郊区的稳定。老的郊区正经历着与城市同样的挑战：

　　糟糕的学校、持续不断的犯罪、工作岗位和企业流失到其他更偏远的郊区。即使是发展迅速的郊区也发现，爆炸性增长也有其弊端，尤其是形式。学校人满为患，通勤时间长，地方政府无力支付修建新公路、下水道和其他基础设施的费用。

　　在经济分权之后，中央城市仍然是低收入和中等收入家庭的“选择”居住地。尽管中部城市的贫困率有所下降，但城市贫困率仍是郊区贫困率的两倍，为18.8%，高于2011年的9.0%。

　　家庭收入高于贫困水平，但低于中等收入水平(国民平均收入为每年3.7万美元，三口之家的贫困人口的200%为每年2.7万美元)。

　　集中贫困的影响是严重的。这些社区的人们往往面临三重打击：学校条件差，就业信息网络薄弱，就业机会稀缺。与其他社区居民相比，她们更可能生活在女性持家的家庭中，接受的正规教育也更少。

　　Translation B

　　1.俗话说，牙疼不是病，但疼起来真要命。前些日子我突然开始牙疼，随便找了点止疼药，希望赶紧止住疼痛。可试了好些天都不管用，最后还是得找牙医。

　　2.自由贸易就意味着竞争，而竞争则意味着风险，特别是当它影响到国家繁荣的时候。所以国家会想办法保护自己免遭自由贸易的冲击。

　　3.然而，退休后，社会安全福利只取代了一般人收入的约40%。而多数财政顾问认为，退休者将需要大约70%-80%工作时的收入，方能过上舒适的退休生活。

　　4.大多数与他人不愉快的经历都是无心的，很容易通过保持无成见的、公开诚恳的交流来补救。礼节性常识是一种有价值的优势，因为在很多场合，要获得第二次机会也许不切实际。

　　5.虽说分离的确是种美德，但是在社交媒体上过度分离，不仅会伤害友情更是会殃及事业前途。人们需要在私生活与职场生活、分离与炫耀、好心与惹人厌之间寻求一种良性平衡。

　　【参考翻译】

　　1.As the saying goes, toothache is not a disease, but it really hurts. A few days ago, I suddenly started toothache, I found some painkillers, hoping to stop the pain. But it didn't work for days, and I had to go to the dentist.

　　2.Free trade means competition, and competition means risk, especially when it affects national prosperity. So countries will find ways to protect themselves from free trade.

　　3.After retirement, however, social security benefits replace only about 40 percent of the average person's income. Most financial advisers believe that retirees will need about 70 to 80 percent of their working income to live comfortably in retirement.

　　4.Most unpleasant experiences with others are unintentional and can easily be remedied by maintaining an unpromising, open and honest exchange. Common sense of politeness is a valuable advantage because in many cases it may be impractical to get a second chance.

　　5.While separation is a virtue, too much separation on social media can hurt friendships and hurt career prospects. People need to find a healthy balance between their private and professional lives, between being apart and showing off, and between being nice and annoying.

　　Writing

　　Some people prefer to stay in the same job for the same company,but others prefer to change jobs frequently.Please write a composition to discuss both sides and give your own opinion.Your composition should be about 150 English words.Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.

　　(有些人喜欢在同一家公司做同一份工作，而另一些人则喜欢频繁换工作。请写一篇作文来讨论双方，并给出你自己的观点。你的作文大约150个英语单词。把你的作文写在答题纸上。)

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