2021年医学考博阅读理解文章容易读懂题做不对怎么办？

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　　There's nothing new about TV and fashion magazines giving girls unhealthy ideas about how thin they need to be in order to be considered beautiful.?社会现象引入What is surprising is the method some psychologists have come up with to keep girls from developing eating disorders.?(针对社会现象心理学家采取的应对措施)Their main weapon?against super-skinny models: a brand of civil disobedience dubbed "body activism."(扩展前一句)

　　分析：第一段开头引入了社会上屡见不鲜的现象：电视和时尚杂志经常给女孩们灌输一种“以瘦为美”的不健康的观念。第二句话紧接着谈到心理学家提出了一项措施来阻止女孩发展成饮食紊乱。第三句是进一步拓展心理学家对抗超瘦模特的主要武器是“body activism”。因此我们可以总结第一段的大意：Body project这一活动的发起背景。

　　Recently, more than 1.000 high school and in the U.S. have participated in the Body Project, which works by?getting girls?to understand how they have been buying into the notion that you have to be thin to be happy or successful.(做法一)?After critiquing the so-called thin ideal by writing essays and role-playing with their peers, participants are directed to come up with and execute small, nonviolent acts.(做法二)?They include slipping notes saying "Love your body the way it is" into dieting books and writing letters to makers of the impossibly proportioned Barbie doll.

　　第二段大意：Body Project这一项目的活动内容

　　According to a study in the latest issue of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, the risk of developing eating disorders was reduced 61% among Body Project participants. And they continued to exhibit positive body-image attitudes as long as three years after completing the program, which consists of four one-hour sessions(该活动的影响).?Such lasting effects may be due to girls' realizing not only how they were being influenced but also who was benefiting from the societal pressure to be thin.(分析影响背后的原因)?"These people who promote the perfect body really don't care about you at all," says Kelsey Hertel, a high school junior and Body Project veteran "They purposefully make you feel like less of a person so you'll buy their stuff and they'll make money."

　　第三段大意：Body Project这一项目的影响和影响背后的原因分析

　　As part of the program, Hertel and a friend posted signs in a school bathroom saying YOU ARE BEAUTIFUL DON'T BE SOMEONE THAT YOU'RE NOT. BE YOURSELF. The girls then watched their classmates react. "They'd see the signs and say things like 'That's encouraging because always feel so fat and gross and ugly." Hertel says.

　　第四段大意：活动个案展示

　　"This is a good start, says Dr. Walter Kaye a board member of the National Eating Disorders Association.?But Kaye cautions that eating disorders are much more complicated than researchers first thought. For starters, the disorders can't be blamed solely on environmental factors.?(提醒该活动不能仅将饮食紊乱归于外界因素)Brain-scan studies show that the neural circuitry that normally responds to the pleasurable, rewarding aspects of eating doesn't seem to work in anorexics.(实验论证)

　　第五段大意：活动的理性思考

　　86. According to the passage, which of the following expresses the essence of "body activism"?

　　"I know best what is good for my body."

　　"should actively keep my body beautiful."

　　"I will decide how to exercise for my health."

　　should take positive approach toward my body.”

　　解析：题干问这一活动的本质是什么。这需要结合文章的中心大意去理解。可以通过活动的具体内容和标语YOU ARE BEAUTIFUL DON'T BE SOMEONE THAT YOU'RE NOT. BE YOURSELF.以及Love your body the way it is来得出答案，主要强调要做自己，不要受到外界干扰。因此选A。其他选项的话语可以反映都受到了外界干扰。

　　87. What do psychologists who support the Body Project believe?

　　The ideal body of a girl can only result from healthy eating habits.

　　Eating disorder affecting the body weight of a girl should be treated.

　　The stereotypical body image on TV and media may lead to eating disorder.

　　TV and other media are not active enough in promoting healthy eating habits.

　　解析：题干问心理学家相信什么?可以从第一段的第一二句话得出。第二句心理学家之所以提出这一措施，是因为他们认为第一句的社会现象对引起饮食紊乱。因此可以得出这两句话是因果关系。可知正确答案是C.C选项是对第一段第一句话的同意替换。

　　88.Which of the following is an example of nonviolent acts used by the Body Project participants?

　　They rill on people to reject the selling of Barbie doll.

　　They dissuade other girls from becoming extremely thin.

　　They debate openly with peers who have unhealthy notions.

　　They adopt some unconventional methods to express their belief.

　　解析：做对这道题需要细心，主要考察第二段活动的具体内容。需要根据选项和选文信息仔细比对，可知A，B和C项都是选取了原文的原词重新编了一个语义和原文意思不符的句子。而D项是对第二段倒数第二句话的同义转述。因此选D.

　　89. Which of the following is NOT true of the Body Project participants?

　　They are now more confident about their self-image.

　　They are more immune to publicity after completing the program.

　　They now seek longer-term- effects in improving their body images.

　　They now realize the commercial motive behind the current notion of beauty.

　　解析：也是细节题。主要考察第三段活动的影响以及原因分析。选项A，B和D都是和原文的意思进行了同义转述，只有C选项和文章的中心都不符。因此需要我们准确理解每一句话的意思和选项的意思，才能选出正确答案C.

　　90. Which of the following agrees with Dr. Kaye's view as expressed in the last paragraph?

　　Body Project is only a good start and should go on advocating its ideals.

　　Many people still fail to realize the real effect of environmental factors

　　Body Project needs to have more scientific evidence to back its claims.

　　Environmental factors do not explain all that are involved in the issue.

　　解析：题干是问?Dr. Kaye的观点是什么。可以定位到最后一段的but部分。可知D选项是其同义替换。

　　总结：从以上例题可知，医学统考文章侧重与对文章的意思理解，句子之间逻辑关系的把握和分析判断能力。我们做完题后可以总结每段大意和中心的关系，理清作者的写作思路和出题人的设题方式。这样才能不掉入“陷阱”里。

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