2023年考博英语阅读的选句填空题型解析(上)

2023年考博英语阅读的选句填空题型解析(上)

　　考博复习备考中，查找一些具体的备考资料，对于大家来说也是比较耗时的事情。为了让大家更好的来备考考博考试，小编为大家整理了一些具体的考博复习资料。下面跟随小编一起来看看“2023年考博英语阅读的选句填空题型解析(上)”吧!

　　考博英语中的阅读，除了常规的选择题，还有一些特殊的出题方式，如问答题，选句填空或排序题等。其中有不少院校采用了选句填空题，即一篇文章有几处留空，需要从备选的几个选项中将相应的句子或句群甚至段落填入文章的留空处，如中科院、社科院、南开大学，中央党校、山东大学、中山大学、安徽大学，宁波大学等的考博英语试题。

　　当然，各个学校考查的具体方式有所不同，如中科院就是6选5选句填空的题型，社科院和南开大学则是7选5，中央党校是5选5，还有的甚至是10选5不等。但不管具体是几选几，这种题型首先是考查的目的都是基本机同的，那就是考查考生对英语阅读基础理解能力——读懂句意，通过句子之间的关系概括段落大意，通过段落和段落的联系把握文章的思路从而总结文章的主旨大意。

　　这个能力其实应该也是常规的英语阅读理解的基础，只是选句填空更加注重考查句子之间，段落之间的逻辑关系。因此这种题型的解题步骤和方法也是有别于常规的阅读理解的。

　　根据各院校的选句填空题型，总结出命题的几大特点：

　　内容的衔接最可靠。

　　所填的文字可能在段首，段中或段尾，甚至是独立的段落。认真把握所填文字与前后句子或段落在内容上的联系，根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性做出选择，是最基本最可靠的线索。

　　把握用词线索。

　　在空缺处前后的句子及所提供的选项中之间存在关键词的呼应。做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感。第一种是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等;第二种是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等;第三种是连接词，由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此，文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系、起连接作用的连词、副词、介词短语，无论是表示转折、因果、递进，还是表示举例、类比等关系，这种关系明显的时候，可能不需要读懂全文的意思，依靠这些词也一样能正确填对选项。

　　填任何空

　　都要从意思和词语的衔接两类线索入手。尤其是在意思理解不透彻的情况下，利用词语线索把握正确答案就显得尤其重要。

　　了解了命题特点，在做题时就应当采用有效的解题方法，以提高做题的命中率。通常，解题可以分为以下两个步骤进行：

　　首先，读文章了解大意划出关键词句：

　　快速浏览全文，力求对文章内容做一个概括了解，并划出段落要点词句，重点阅读空白前后。由于文章中空缺了几处，而且有时缺的是几句话甚至是一整段，文章的整体结构和逻辑可能是被打断了的，因此在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路有困难，此时所要做的只是尽力了解文章的基本内容即可，重点读懂空白前后的句子(有时候是一句，有时候不止一句)，明白前后表述的内容，划出关键词。

　　然后，读选项利用各种线索答题：

　　逐一阅读选项，利用意思衔接，词语线索判断，带入阅读，先易后难。线索明显的可以先填，逐渐缩小可选范围，直到最终填完。

　　中科院十几年来一直保有选举填空6选5题型，最近有学员问及这个题型的解题策略，下面以中科院考博英语2012年6选5第一篇举例说明解题步骤和方法。

　　In June 2006, in Minato, Tokyo, a 16-year old high school student was killed by a Schindler elevator. He was backing out of it with his bicycle when the elevator suddenly rose with the doors still open, crushing his skull. Investigations began related to this fatality.

　　In the process of this investigation, the safety of elevatorsin Japan came under question. 66 The Japan Elevator Association disclosed that 9200entrapments happened in Japan in 2004 in elevators of the big four Japanese elevator manufacturers ( Mitsubishi Electric, Hitachi, Toshiba, and Fujitec).

　　Resultsfrom a recent investigation in Hiroshima showed that 34% of Schindlerelevatorsin the city have had problems.67

　　As of June 14, 2006, the precise causeof the accident had still not been confirmed.68 The International Herald Tribune reported on June 14 that "loose bolts and worn brake pads, evidence of poor maintenance, likely played a central role in the elevator accident."

　　69 The Asia Times Online reports that in response to a flood of inquiriesfrom customers, the third-largest domestic elevator company, Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corp. is offering free inspections of their elevators, while Mitsubishi Electric Corp. , the leading firm, and HitachiLtd, which is the second-largest, are responding to requests on a case-by-case basis.

　　In Hong Kong, many news agencies are findingsimilaritiesbetween the Minato case and the 2002 falling Hong Kong case. Thus, Hong Kong's Public Housing Authorityhas been questioned about the 33 public estates with Schindler elevators. 70 In comparison, Hong Kong law requires a full annual examination every year, load testing every 5 years, and an inspection every month. Some buildings have inspections every 2 weeks.

　　A. There is a reported competitionamong elevator operators in Hong Kong, with some buildings opting to contract elevator maintenance to firms that offer low rates.

　　B. The Housing Authorityhas said that all of its elevators are maintained by the original manufacturer (in Hong Kong's case, by "Schindler Lifts Hong Kong Limited" ) and all elevators are inspected fully once every week.

　　C. It should be noted that elevator maintenancehad been carried out by a Japanese maintenance company and not by Schindlersince 2005.

　　D. That elevators are not infallible came as a surprise to many people, especially when it was discovered that of the 8,800Schindler elevators installed in Japan, 85 have trapped people.

　　E. Japan has already ordered full inspectionsof the country's entire set of Schindler elevators, with elevators of all manufacturers being inspected in government buildings.

　　F. Public concern over the Minato case has not been limited merely to Schindler elevators.

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