2023年医学考博英语范文 (5)

2022-05-11 07:40:00来源：网络

2023年医学考博英语范文 (5)

　　考博英语复习备考中，查找一些具体的备考资料，对于大家来说也是比较耗时的事情。为了让大家更好的来备考考博考试，小编为大家整理了一些具体的考博复习资料。下面跟随小编一起来看看“2023年医学考博英语范文 (5)”吧!

　　Doctors have identified a powerful bacteria that cannot be killed withantibiotics. The bacteria, called a superbug, was found in a woman from Pennsylvania.

　　Tom Frieden is the head of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. He says this new bug is resistant to every antibiotic available, including colistin. Colistin is used only as a last measure, as the drug can cause organ damage.

　　The woman is infected with a rare kind of E. coli bacteria known as CRE. The version she has includes a gene that is resistant to colistin. This is its first appearance in the United States. Researchers who studied the case in Pennsylvania wrote about their findings in Antimicrobial Agents andChemotherapy, a publication of the American Society for Microbiology. They wrote that the case could signal the development of "a truly pan-drug resistant bacteria." Health officials consider CRE, "nightmare bacteria." They can kill up to 50 percent of infected patients.

　　Frieden expressed his concern about losing antibiotics, what he calls "miracle drugs." "We know now that the more we look the more we're going to find. And the more we look at drug resistance the more concerned we are. We need to do a very a comprehensive job protecting antibiotics so that we can have them and our children can have them."

　　We need to make new antibiotics, but unless we have better stewardshipand better identification of outbreaks, we are going to lose these miracle drugs. The medicine cabinet is empty for some patients. It is the end of the road for antibiotics unless we act urgently." Scientists and public health officials have warned that usual medical operations, minor infections andpneumonia could become deadly or very difficult to treat.

　　1. identify [adent?fa?] v.鉴定，认定

　　2. antibiotics[nt?ba?'?t?ks] n.抗生素

　　3. superbug [?su:p?b?g] n.超级细菌

　　4. Colistin [k?'l?st?n] 黏菌素

　　5. Antimicrobial [nt?ma?'krbl]n. 抗菌剂，杀菌剂;

　　6. Chemotherapy [?ki:m?θer?pi]n.化疗;

　　7. Microbiology[?ma?krba?l?d?i]n. 微生物学

　　8. Comprehensive [?k?mprhens?v]adj.广泛的; 综合的;

　　10. Signal [?s?gn?l]vt. 向…发信号

　　11. Stewardship [?stju:?dp]n. 管事人之职位及职责;

　　12. Pneumonia [nju:?mni?]n.肺炎;

　　13. CRE (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae)

　　抗碳青霉烯类肠杆菌属

　　1. Center for Disease Control and Prevention 疾病预防控制中心

　　2. be resistant to 抵御，耐药

　　3. be used as... 作为……使用

　　4. be infected with 感染

　　5. pan-drug resistant bacteria 对大量药物产生耐药性的细菌

　　6. to expresse his concern 表达担忧

　　7. to do a very a comprehensive job 做一项全面的工作

　　8. identification of outbreaks(疾病)暴发的确认

　　9. medical operations 医疗手术

　　10. minor infections 轻度感染

　　1. Colistin is used only as a last measure, as the drug canc ause organ damage.

　　由于粘菌素会对人体器官造成伤害，因此不到万不得已，不会使用。

　　请注意 be used as 用法，表示“用于做什么”;还有一个相同意思的短语be used for。

　　例句：

　　Thermometer is used for taking body temperature.

　　体温计是用来测体温的。

　　2. The woman is infected with a rare kind of E. coli bacteria known as CRE.

　　该女士感染一种罕见的大肠杆菌，是抗碳青霉烯类肠杆菌属。

　　请注意be infected with表示“感染”, 后面跟病菌或疾病的名称。

　　例句：

　　If you are bitten by a dog, you may beinfected with a terrible disease — rabies.

　　如果被狗咬了，你有可能会染上一种可怕的疾病-狂犬病。

　　(请熟练掌握两个短语的用法)

　　He says this new bug is resistant to every antibiotic avaialbe, including colistin.

　　be resistant to 抵御，抵抗

　　We must be able to be resistant to different lures.

　　我们必须要抵御任何诱惑。

　　医生已鉴定出一种无法被抗生素杀死的强大细菌。该名为超级病菌的发现于宾夕法尼亚州的一名女士身上。

　　美国疾病控制中心的主任汤姆·福里登称，该细菌可以抵御包括粘菌素在内的任何医用抗生素。由于粘菌素会对人体器官造成伤害，因此不到万不得已，不会使用。

　　该女士感染一种罕见的大肠杆菌，是抗碳青霉烯类肠杆菌属。这种细菌中有一种基因可以抵御粘菌素。

　　这是美国的首个病例。

　　宾夕法尼亚州此病例的研究者在美国微生物协会的《抗菌药物与化疗》刊物中发表了他们的研究发现。其中写道，这个病例的发现表明"泛耐药细菌"的发展。卫生官员将这种超级细菌成为"噩梦细菌"，因为他们可以让50%的患者致命。

　　曾将抗生素称为"特效药"的福里登表达了他对于失去抗生素的担忧。

　　"我们都知道看的越多，发现的越多。因此，我们对抗药性了解的越多，我们就越担心。我们需要全面保护抗生素，这样我们和我们的子孙才能有效使用它们。" "我们需要生产新的抗生素，但如果没有更好的管理体系和疾病爆发的提前确认，我们可能会失去抗生素。有些病人根本没有抗生素可以使用。如果我们不采取紧急行动，则抗生素将最终消失。"

　　科学家和公共卫生官员警告我们，平时常见的手术、小感染、肺炎都有可能致命或难以治愈。

　　Let’s know about the CRE!

　　CRE, which stands for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, are a family of germs that are difficult to treat because they have high levels of resistance to antibiotics.

　　Where do the CRE infections happen often?

　　Healthy people usually do not get CRE infections – they usually happen to patients in hospitals, nursing homes, and other healthcare settings. Patients whose care requires devices like ventilators (breathing machines), urinary (bladder) catheters, or intravenous (vein) catheters, and patients who are taking long courses of certain antibiotics are most at risk for CRE infections.

　　Some CRE bacteria have become resistant to most available antibiotics. Infections with these germs are very difficult to treat, and can be deadly—one report cites they can contribute to death in up to 50% of patients who become infected.

　　Can CRE spread from person to person?

　　Yes, especially in health care settings. Infected patients may have the bacteria on their hands and skin, and they shed it through urine, feces and wounds. Patients are likely to contaminate “doorknobs, bedrails, light switches, toilets, bedpans, bedside commodes, and bathroom fixtures,” and then the infection can spread to others. The situation becomes worse if CRE hitches a ride on a blood pressure cuff or other piece of equipment that travels from room to room.

　　In addition, the superbugs can be transmitted by healthcare workers who fail to properly scrub their hands between patients or who don’t wear gloves and gowns when seeing patients who are infected. CRE can also spread through the use of contaminated medical devices such as ventilators or urinary catheters that are not adequately sterilized.

　　What can we do to prevent the spread of CRE infections?

　　According to the CDC, patients can help limit the spread of CRE infections by telling their doctor if they have been hospitalized in another facility or country; by taking antibiotics only as prescribed and by insisting that everyone who touches them washes their hands first.

　　New Words

　　1. stand for 代表

　　2. carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)

　　[kɑ:b?'penem rz?st?nt 'ent?r?u,b?kt?ri'eisi,i:]

　　抗碳青霉烯类肠杆菌属

　　3. ventilator [?vent?le?t?(r)] n. 呼吸机

　　4. urine [?jr?n] n. 小便

　　5. feces ['fi:si:z] n. 大便

　　6. wounds ['wu:ndz] n. 创伤

　　7. urinary (bladder) catheters [?jrneri: ?k?θit?z] 尿管

　　8. intravenous (vein) catheters [ntrvi:n?s ?k?θit?z] 静脉导(插)管

　　9. germ[d:m]n. 病菌，细菌，