2025医学考博英语长难句解析(八)

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　　1.名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;

　　2.形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;

　　3.状语从句，在句子中通常是时间地点方式的状语。

　　长难句解析

　　22. Towns like Bournemouth Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

　　【词汇】

　　spring: vi. 跳跃;突然出现;发源。过去分词：sprang，短语：spring up 出现，涌现

　　house: v. 给......提供住房;安置

　　retire on: 退休后靠......(生活)

　　have no relation to: 与......没有关系

　　draw dividends: 分红

　　shareholder: 股东

　　【句式分析】

　　① 句子主干：Towns sprang up to house large “comfortable”classes;

　　② 定语从句：两个 who 引导两个并列的定语从句，修饰先行词 classes;

　　③ except 为介词，其后的 that 指代 relation，except that of 相当于 except the relation of;

　　④ 不定式作目的状语：to dictate their orders to the management。

　　【翻译】

　　像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的"舒适"阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。

　　23. The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, his influence on the relations of capital labor was not good.

　　【词汇】

　　as such: 就本身而论

　　have no knowledge of: 对......一无所知

　　share: n. 股;(参与、得到等的)份;市场占有率

　　capital: n. 资金;资本

　　【句式分析】

　　① 句子主干：The “shareholders” had no knowledge, his influence was not good。

　　② 过去分词作后置定语：employed 做定语修饰 workmen。

　　③ “介词+which”引导定语从句：in which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 company。

　　【翻译】

　　这样的“股东”对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。

　　24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.

　　【词汇】

　　act for: 代表(某人)，代替(某人)执行某公务

　　patriarchal: adj. 家长的;族长的;父权的

　　pass away: (时间等)消磨掉;去世;终止;停止;

　　【句式分析】

　　① 句子主干： The manager was in more direct relation with the men their demands, but he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen;

　　② 过去分词作前置定语：paid 修饰 manager;

　　③ 现在分词作后置定语：acting for the company 修饰 manager;

　　④ 定语从句：which the employer had...passing away，which 引导定语从句修饰限定 that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen;

　　⑤ 介词短语作状语：under the more patriarchal system of the old family business;

　　⑥ 现在分词作后置定语：passing away 作后置定语修饰 the old family business。

　　【翻译】

　　代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。

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