清华大学2002年考博英语真题及答案解析

　　

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40%)

　　

　　Directions: There are 2 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

　　Questions 31 to 45 are based on the following passage:

　　Motorola Inc., the world's second-largest mobile phone make, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for the computer board, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorola's mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival.

　　The company, long known for its top-notch (等级) engineering culture, is hoping to profit from its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on” network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download.

　　Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorola's own mobile phone business because the latter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorola's phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the user's whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.

　　41. The word “slump” in the first paragraph may be replaced by__________.

　　A. slouch B. decline

　　B. increase D. stamp

　　42. According to this passage, Motorola Inc.__________.

　　A. is the world's largest mobile phone maker

　　B. is trying to become a mobile technology provider besides being a mobile phone maker

　　C. will only sell chips of the mobile phones

　　D. is going to sell all its manufacturing plants

　　43. Analysts don't think that__________.

　　A. Motorola will be successful

　　B. the technology offered by Motorola will be selected by its competitors

　　C. its competitors will want to buy the technology from it

　　D. its mobile phones contain a variety of chips

　　44. The technology supplied by Motorola is based on__________.

　　A. Bluetooth features B. MP3 audio capability

　　C. Global Positioning System D. GPRS standard

　　45. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. GPRS offers faster access to data through network connections, so customers should pay more.

　　B. Motorola Inc. is the inventor of the cell phone.

　　C. Previously Motorola only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips.

　　D. Motorola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture.

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:

　　Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury.

　　Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.

　　Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity (湿度), into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.

　　Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurrican will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the storm. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.

　　46. The eye of the hurricane is__________.

　　A. the powerful center of the storm

　　B. the part that determines its direction

　　C. the relatively calm center of the storm

　　D. the center of low pressure

　　47. Which of the following statements is true?

　　A. A storm surge is a dramatic increase in wind velocity.

　　B. A hurricane watch is more serious than a hurricane warning.

　　C. Falling air pressure is an indicator that the storm is increasing in intensity.

　　D. It is safe to go outside once the eye has arrived.

　　48. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

　　A. How to Avoid Hurricane damage B. Forecasting Hurricanes

　　C. The dangerous Hurricane D. Atlantic Storms

　　49. The low-lying areas refer to those regions that__________.

　　A. close to the ground level B. one-storey flat

　　C. flat houses D. near to the lowest level of hurricane

　　50. Which of the following is NOT a method of protecting one's house from a hurricane?

　　A. taking out heavy things B. moving in light-weight furniture

　　C. equipping the house with stones D. covering windows

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:

　　Attacking an increasingly popular Internet business practice, a consumer watchdog group Monday filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission, asserting that many online search engines are concealing the impact special fees have on search results by Internet users. Commercial Alert, a 3-year-old group founded by consumer activist Ralph Nader, asked the FTC to investigate whether eight of the Web' s largest search engines are violating federal laws against deceptive advertising.

　　The group said that the search engines are abandoning objective formulas to determine the order of their listed results and selling the top spots to the highest bidders without making adequate disclosures to Web surfers. The complaint touches a hot-button issue affecting tens of millions of people who submit search queries each day. With more than 2 billion pages and more than 14 billion hyperlinks on the Web, search requests rank as the second most popular online activity after E-mail.

　　The eight search engines named in Commercial Alert's complaint are: MSN, owned by Microsoft; Netscape, owned by AOL Time Warner; Directhit, owned by Ask Jeeves; HotBot and Lycos, both owned by Terra Lycos; Altavista, owned by CMGI; LookSmart, owned by LookSmart; and iWon, owned by a privately held company operating under the same name.

　　Portland, Ore.-based Commercial Alert could have named more search engines in its complaint, but focused on the biggest sites that are auctioning off spots in their results, said Gary Ruskin, the group's executive director.

　　“Search engines have become central in the quest for learning and knowledge in our society. The ability to skew (扭曲) the results in favor of hucksters (小贩)without telling consumers is a serious problem.” Ruskin said. By late Monday afternoon, three of the search engines had responded to The Associated Press' inquiries about the complaint. Two, LookSmart and AltaVista, denied the charges. Microsoft spokesman Matt Pilla said MSN is delivering “compelling search results that people want.”

　　The FTC had no comment about the complaint Monday. The complaint takes aim at the new business plans embraced by more search engines as they try to cash in on their pivotal (关键)role as Web guides and reverse a steady stream of losses. To boost revenue, search engines in the past year have been accepting payments from businesses interested in receiving a higher ranking in certain categories or ensuring that their sites are reviewed more frequently.

　　51. The consumer group complained about__________.

　　A. special fees that Internet users were charged

　　B. Federal Trade Commission

　　C. Commercial Alert

　　D. online search engines

　　52. __________is the most popular activity online.

　　A. Sending pages of information B. Sending E-mail

　　C. Surfing the net D. Selling the top spot

　　53. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?

　　A. There are too many pages or hyperlinks on the Internet, so people usually use search engine to find a certain site.

　　B. More than 8 search engines are accused of selling their search engine spots by Commercial Alert.

　　C. The headquarters of Commercial Alert is in Portland Oregon.

　　D. The search engines are Web guides.

　　54. All the following share one similarity EXCEPT__________.

　　A. LookSmart B. CMGI

　　C. Altavista D. Microsoft

　　55. The primary aim of some companies’ sponsoring the search engines is to__________.

　　A. cash in on their important role as Web guides

　　B. boost their avenue

　　C. reverse a series of losses

　　D. have their sites visited by the internet users more

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:

　　D. H. Lawrence was the fourth child of Arthur Lawrence and Lydia Beardsall, and their first to have been born in Eastwood. Ever since their marriage in 1875, the couple had been on the move: Arthur's job as a miner had taken them where the best-paid work had been during the boom years of the 1870s, and they had lived in a succession of small and recently built grimy colliery villages all over Nottinghamshire. But when they moved to Eastwood in 1883, it was to a place where they would remain for the rest of their lives; the move seems to have marked a watershed in their early history.

　　For one thing, they were settling down: Arthur Lawrence would work at Brinsley colliery until he retired in 1909. For another, they now had three small children and Lydia may have wanted to give them the kind of continuity in schooling they had never previously had. It was also the case that, when they came to Eastwood, they took a house with a shop window, and Lydia ran a small clothes shop: presumably to supplement their income, but also perhaps because she felt she could do it in addition to raising their children. It seems possible that, getting on badly with her husband as she did, she imagined that further children were out of the question. Taking on the shop may have marked her own bid for independence.

　　Arthur's parents lived less than a mile away, down in Brinsley, while his youngest brother Walter lived only 100 yards away from them in another company house, in Princes Street. When the family moved to Eastwood, Arthur Lawrence was coming back to his own family's center: one of the reasons, for sure, why they stayed there.

　　Lydia Lawrence probably felt, on the other hand, more as if she were digging in for a siege. East wood may have been home to Arthur Lawrence, but to Lydia it was just another grimy colliery village which she never liked very much and where she never felt either much at home or properly accepted. Her Kent accent doubtless made Midlands people feel that she put on airs.

　　56. This passage is mainly about the introduction of__________.

　　A. D. H. Lawrence

　　B. D. H. Lawrence's parents

　　C. D. H. Lawrence's residence

　　D. D. H. Lawrence's family background and education

　　57. Which of the following is NOT the reason for D. H. Lawrence's family settling down in East wood?

　　A. Children in the family needed consistent education.

　　B. D. H. Lawrence's father could be near to his family members.

　　C. D. H. Lawrence's mother could seek for her independence.

　　D. D. H. Lawrence could accumulate enough materials to write about in his novels.

　　58. Which of the following might be an image of D. H. Lawrence's mother in other people's mind?

　　A. A mother who was quite amiable. B. A wife who was considerate.

　　C. An arrogant woman. D. A faithful wife.

　　59. The family had been on the move, because__________.

　　A. they had to stay with the father who had to go everywhere to find a job in depression

　　B. the father could find better-paid jobs in the prosperity of economy

　　C. the father wanted to be near with his own home

　　D. the mother always wanted to change the location of their house

　　60. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

　　A. The relationship between D. H. Lawrence's parents may not be so good.

　　B. D. H. Lawrence's mother was a woman of strong will.

　　C. D. H. Lawrence's mother did not like her home at Eastwood.

　　D. D. H. Lawrence was the first child in the family.

考博必备！历年真题及答案

考博精品好课，就选新东方！