清华大学2002年考博英语真题及答案解析

　　Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

　　The history of African—Americans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated__61__an ongoing struggle against__62__and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle__63__as an upward movement is__64__toward ever more justice and opportunity.

　　Technology in and of__65__is not at fault; it's much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics__66__been the enemy of an__67__group of people. A certain machine is put__68__work in a certain way the purpose__69__which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to__70__a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply, __71__the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization__72__the Renaissance.

　　Mastery of technology is second only__73__money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by__74__this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have__75__it, blacks are allowing__76__to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be__77__from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs __78__ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.

　　And blacks must change as well. The ways that__79__their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks__80__to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.

　　61. A. like B. as C. for D. with

　　62. A. charity B. clarity C. cohesion D. oppression

　　63. A. charting B. charts C. charted D. to chart

　　64. A. progressing B. progressed C. clutched D. clutching

　　65. A. itself B. themselves C. ourselves D. himself

　　66. A. have B. to have C. has D. to has

　　67. A. entirely B. enter C. entire D. entrance

　　68. A. for B. off C. on D. at

　　69. A. for B. to C. with D. before

　　70.A. envelop B. accomplish C. enveloping D. accomplishing

　　71. A. followed B. follows C. to follow D. following

　　72. A. since B. on C. in D. at

　　73. A. before B. to C. with D. from

　　74. A. to tolerate B. tolerate C. tolerated D. tolerating

　　75. A. encountered B. encountering C. to encounter D. encounters

　　76. A. them B. us C. themselves D. ourselves

　　77. A. excluding B. included C. including D. excluded

　　78. A. where B. that C. how D. what

　　79. A. servicing B. encircle C. encircling D. served

　　80. A. is B. were C. are D. have

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　　Part Ⅴ Short Answer Questions (5%)

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　　Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewer possible English words and then put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring groups, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run replaced the repertory (库存) system. By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States. The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900.

　　While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the “combination” company (that is, one that travels with stars and full company). Sending out a complete production was merely a logical extension of touring by stars. By the 1840's many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roels.

　　There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company. Bouciault claimed to have initiated it around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination companies as already established. Joseph Jefferson Ⅲ also declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850's, only to be interrupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870's, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport full productions. In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Michel was sent out with full company, scenery, and properties. By the season of 1876—1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.

　　81. What was the trend for the resident stock companies at the end of the 19th century?

　　_________________________________________________________________________

　　82. According to the passage, the major reason for the decline of the resident stock companies was

　　_________________________________________________________________________

　　83. Why did many important actors join some minor players in 1840's?

　　_________________________________________________________________________

　　84. According to the passage, the development of full touring companies was aided by

　　_________________________________________________________________________

　　85. Why is Lawrence Barrentt mentioned in the passage?

　　_________________________________________________________________________

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　　Part Ⅵ Writing (15%)

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　　Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “My View on an Admission Interview for Ph. D. Candidates” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　1. 博士研究生入学面试是否必要?

　　2. 在博士研究生入学面试中，你认为最重要的是展示哪几个方面?

　　3. 你将如何展示这个方面?

考博必备！历年真题及答案

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