清华大学2003年考博英语真题及答案解析

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:

　　The events of Sept. 11 have ratcheted up security at American airports to the highest level ever, according to a spokesman for Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta. But to say there is plenty of room for improvement puts it mildly:

　　Hundreds of employees with access to high-security areas at 15 U. S. airports have been arrested or indicted by federal law enforcement officials for using phony Social Security numbers, lying about criminal convictions or being in the United States illegally. None of those arrested had terrorist links, but some aviation experts said the workers were in a position to help smuggle weapons or bombs aboard aircraft if they had wanted.

　　Tests ordered by President Bush and conducted by federal agents at 32 airports between November and February, when airports were on highest alert, showed that Security screeners failed to detect knives 70% of the time, guns 30% of the time and simulated explosives 60% of the time.

　　Two members of the House Transportation Committee are pushing to reverse the administration's opposition to arming pilots because groups representing pilots are insisting that their members need to be armed as a last line of defense.

　　Attorney General John Ashcroft said the arrests of hundreds of airport employees showed that the system of background checks—done piecemeal by airlines, private contractors and others—needs tightening. That much is painfully obvious. What isn't clear is why the system was so porous (有漏洞的)to begin with and why it wasn't immediately tightened after that infamous Tuesday in September.

　　Some people in the industry wisely have suggested that all airport workers be required to pass through the same metal detectors and other Security checks as flight crews do. Congress has ordered the new Transpiration Security Administration to find ways to enact just such a requirement. Unfortunately, no deadline has been set, in part because federal officials are preoccupied with getting thousands of new baggage screeners in place by Nov. 19—when the feds take over airport security—and installing bomb—detection equipment in all airports by the end of the year.

　　Plainly, those two goals are critical. But it would be a mistake to give low priority to fixing other gaping holes in the nation's airport security net. If the federal crackdown is going to be effective, it needs to be comprehensive.

　　51. The possible reason for hundreds of airport employees being arrested might be one of the following except__________.

　　A. using false ID

　　B. helping others in smuggling

　　C. being in the US illegally

　　D. denying or not mentioning past crimes

　　52. Figures showed that security screeners were__________dangerous items.

　　A. able to detect B. not able to detect

　　C. not effective in detecting D. very effective in detecting

　　53. Who is/are against the point that pilots need to be armed?

　　A. Pilots B. Federal agents

　　C. The administration D. Two members of the House Transportation Committee

　　54. What does the word infamous mean?

　　A. not famous

　　B. well known for something bad

　　C. well known for something exciting

　　D. well known for something permanent

　　55. Which one is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. All the passengers are supposed to go through security checks.

　　B. All the airport workers are supposed to go through security checks.

　　C. All the flight crews are supposed to go through security checks.

　　D. Not all the federal officials are supposed to go through security checks.

　　

　　Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)

　　

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet:

　　When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible__56__of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea__57__, or patent it.

　　A__58__patent is the result of a bargain__59__between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period__60__.

　　Only in the most exceptional circumstances__61__the lifespan of a patent__62__to alter this normal process of events.

　　The longest extension ever__63__was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent's normal life there was no color TV to __64__and thus no hope for reward for the invention.

　　Because a patent remains permanently__65__after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the__66__office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if__67__than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone__68__to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through__69__patents that the one sure way of violation of any other inventor's right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form__70__invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally__71__to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is__72__on these presumptions of legal security.

　　Anyone closely__73__in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is theft reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, __74__makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate __75__the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.

　　56. A. work B. possibility C. measures D. courses

　　57. A. open B. covered C. secret D. improved

　　58. A. granted B.granting C. inventing D. invented

　　59. A. striking B. struck C. to be striking D. to strike

　　60. A. terminating B. continuing C. continues D. terminates

　　61. A. are B. to be C. be D. is

　　62. A. extending B. will extend C. extended D. to be extended

　　63. A. granted B. granting C. to grant D. being granted

　　64. A. receiving B. sending C. receive D. send

　　65. A. public B. secret C. close D. concealed

　　66. A. customer B. commerce C. patent D. television

　　67. A. longer B. older C. weaker D. younger

　　68. A. wished B. refusing C. refused D. wishing

　　69. A. live B. dead C. working D. recording

　　70. A. temporarily B. suddenly C. permanently D. sharply

　　71. A. dangerous B. undesirable C. safe D. terrible

　　72. A. constructed B. sent C. anticipated D. based

　　73. A. involving B. involved C. contained D. containing

　　74. A. which B. when C. that D. where

　　75. A. with B. off C. before D. from

　　

　　Part Ⅴ Writing (20%)

　　

　　Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of China's Entry into WTO on Ph. D Program in China” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　1. 中国加入WTO后，博士研究生的培养也会受到一定程度的影响。

　　2. 探讨一下会产生哪些方面的影响，是积极的还是消极的影响等。

　　3. 你个人的看法如何。

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