中国人民大学2004年考博英语真题及答案及详解

　　Passage 4 

　　In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together with some of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the traditional samurai ritual of seppuku. After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword. The aide likewise killed himself and was beheaded; the others surrendered. 

　　In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive regime of General Tojo that was to stage the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories. Here life and fiction become joined. The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfillment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Born of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code; but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building (he became expert at karate and kendo) and, most important, through the discipline of writing. In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage. His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame. 

　　Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde. 

　　56. The article implies that ______. 

　　A. Mishima refused to join the army when he was young 

　　B. Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer 

　　C. Mishima is a person who is hard to define 

　　D. Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer 

　　57. The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was ______. 

　　A. to capture the commanding general 

　　B. to urge the government to declare a war against America 

　　C. to incite the soldiers to rebel against the constitutional government 

　　D. to force the Emperor to give up the throne 

　　58. In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima ______. 

　　A. was well received by the soldiers 

　　B. was laughed at by the soldiers 

　　C. impressed the commanding general 

　　D. left a deep impression to the soldiers 

　　59. What is true according to article 

　　A. The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death. 

　　B. The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attempt. 

　　C. Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech. 

　　D. One of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers. 

　　60. Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ______. 

　　A. written “Patriotism,” one of his most powerful stories 

　　B. written eighty short stories 

　　C. published “A Forest in Flower”

　　D. published “Confession of a Mask”

　　主观题部分

　　请用钢笔或圆珠将此部分的答案做在答题纸二上，否则无效!

　　Ⅴ Translation (20 points) 

　　Part A. (10 points)

　　Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET. 

　　One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing. 

　　Part B. (10 points)

　　Directions: Translate the following into English on your ANSWER SHEET. 

　　中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。

　　Ⅵ Writing (20 points)

　　Directions: Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”. Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet. 

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