2018考博英语必会语法知识点：主谓一致

2017-06-15 12:11:20来源：网络

　　上述三条原则的具体应用比较复杂，以下几点需要特别注意。我们分三大类情况来看：

　　1. 谓语动词用单数的情况

　　1)one, each, every, everyone, everybody, no, no one, one of, many a, either, neither, nobody, anyone, somebody, someone等作主语或主语修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　Every boy and girl is treated in the same way.

　　Neither of them drinks coffee.

　　Each man and (each) woman has good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.

　　2)a kind of, a sort of, a portion of, a section of, a series of, a succession of, a pair of, a couple of等修饰主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则用单数。例如：

　　A pair of scissors is what he needs now.

　　A series of lectures on radio engineering is scheduled.

　　There is a couple of vacant rooms behind the office.

　　3)表示国家、单位、书报等名称或表示时间、距离、体积、度量衡(将其视为一整体)等的名词或短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　The Netherlands is famous for its tulips.

　　One hundred miles is too far to travel on foot.

　　Ten pounds was missing from the bill.

　　The Thirty-Nine Steps is an interesting novel.

　　4)不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数。例如：

　　To master at least a foreign language is very necessary in the present conditions.

　　Forgetting the past means nothing but betrayal.

　　When they will start on their journey hasn’t been decided.

　　5)单数词作主语，虽然后接由including, as well as, together with, in addition to, accompanied by等词或短语连接其他的词，谓语动词仍然用单数。例如：

　　Gold, as well as silver, ahs recently risen in price.

　　The factory, with all its equipment, has been burned.

　　John together with his brother has gone to the party.

　　2. 谓语动词用复数的情况

　　1)both, some, few, many, several, the majority (of), the minority (of)等词语作主语或主语修饰语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

　　Both of them have gone to Shanghai on business.

　　Few of my classmates really understand me.

　　The majority of (the) doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.

　　2)以复数形式结尾的山脉、群岛、瀑布等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

　　The Niagara Falls are very spectacular.

　　The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean.

　　3)表示群体或类属的“the + 形容词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

　　The injured were sent to hospital at once.

　　In many western films, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.

　　3. 谓语动词的单、复数要视情形而定的情况

　　1)由and 连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：

　　Your problem and mine are similar.

　　但当and连接的词语作整体考虑，指同一人、同一事物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　The worker and poet has published a collection of poems recently.

　　Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.

　　当and连接两个形容词修饰一个单数名词作主语时，如果指一件事物谓语动词用单数;如果指两件事物则谓语动词用复数。例如：

　　A black and white (黑白相间) horse was trotting down.

　　The red and the yellow rose are both beautiful.

　　2)集合名词如family, group, team, the public, crowd, committee, staff等作主语，表整体意义时谓语动词用单数;表个体意义时用复数。例如：

　　Our team has won the game.

　　Our team are discussing about how to win.

　　3)一些表示数量的短语如a lot of, any of, most of, half of, two-thirds of, eighty percent of, part of, the rest of, some of, none of, all of等与名词连用时，后面名词用单数则谓语动词用单数;名词用复数，谓语动词也用复数。例如：

　　A large percentage of our pilots retire early.

　　A large percentage of his income is paid in income tax.

　　Most of the book is interesting.

　　Most of the books are informative though a little dull.

　　4)另一些表示数量的短语如a number of, a total of, an average of等后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数;但其中不定冠词换成定冠词时，谓语动词要用单数。例如：

　　A number of students were late for school owing to the storm.

　　The number of jobs is increasing.

　　An average of 3000 letters a month are received by the newspaper’s office.

　　The average of letters received each month is 3000.

　　Exercise

　　1. Directions: Tick out (选出) the correct form of the verb given in the brackets to complete each sentence.

　　1) There (seem, seems) to be many arguments on both sides.