南京大学考博英语真题

　　2021年博士研究生招生工作已经陆续展开，马上要迎来考博初试。新东方在线小编会第一时间为大家整理了考博英语真题内容，下面是小编为大家整理的南京大学考博英语真题作为参考，预祝大家逢考必过。

　　Part A

　　Direction: Put the following passages into Chinese.

　　The recovery of the US economy during the first quarter of this year has been so spectacular that it is creating a new set of risks for financial markets. The great new risks now facing the US economy center on menotary policy and the oil market. The current federal funds interest rate of only 1.75 percent has clearly become unsustainable in view of the economy's resilience. The Federal Reserve will raise interest rates by at least 0.25 percentage points during the second quarter and could increase short term interest rates to at least 3 percent before the autumn-the level they were at before September 11.

　　Such tightening would probably cause refinancing to slump to about $ 300 billion at annual rates late this year, which would eliminate capital gains as a prop for consumer spending. Rising interest rates could also damp the rally likely to occur in the equity market as corporate profits recover. If investment spending fails to revive, the economy's annual growth rate could slide back to the 2-3 percent.

　　The oil price is also a big risk, mainly because the Bush administration appears determined to attack Iraq. The probability of war could easily push the oil price back into the $ 35～ $ 40 a barrel range for at least a few months. In effect, that would impose a big new tax on consumer spending and corporate profits. The prospect of monetary tightening and a sharp increase in the oil price suggests that late 2002 and early 2003 could be a period of great volatility for the US economy.

　　Part B

　　Direction: Put the following sentences into English.

　　1.天下极神奇极壮丽极鲜美文字，多在道藏。偶捡一二，眼界遂异。运思运笔，率尔改常世间何高语佛藏，曾不及此。

　　2.语言时空论是语言学这门科学的一个观点。它以时空差异关注语言的流变现象，因为语言的流变基本上是由时间和空间延展在强度和性质上的差异表现出来的。它寻求以客观和精确的方式来描写和揭示语言的基本概念、内在关系以及流变机理，追索有关语言的现实知识。它观察语言流变的原理和规则，不是为了证明语言是按照某种原理和规则进行流变的，而是为了更好地理解语言的真实。

　　3.近年以至今后数年，对中国经济体制改革影响最大的事情，莫过于加入世界贸易组织。特别是近两年的各项改革，几乎无一不是在适应世贸组织的要求，且改革的步伐明显加快，改革也开始越来越深入到计划经济的最核心领域。因而，可以说，中国经济体制在经过了20多年的渐进改革之后，终于开始大步迈向市场经济的轨道了。

　　4.实验室工作的惟一任务就是使学生养成初步的实验能力。要达到这一目的，最好的办法就是让学生在解决简单的实验问题中获得一些经验。

　　5.一般情况下，本刊按收到投稿的时间先后顺序，对每一篇作品按照规定的标准进行审阅，然后决定发表或退稿，同时向作者发出通知。审阅将在收到作者投稿后2个月内完成。如果作者在投稿后3个月内未收到录用通知或退稿信，可自行考虑投寄他刊。

　　KEY

　　Part A

　　今年第一季度美国经济如此壮观的复苏，正给金融市场带成一系列新的风险。美国经济面临的这些巨大的新风险集中来自于货币政策和石油市场。从经济恢复力来看，目前只有百分之1.75的联邦利率已明显无法持续。美联储决定将在第二季度提升利率至少0.25个百分点，并会在秋季前将短期利率提升至3%以上——这也是美在9.11之前的利率水平。

　　这样的紧缩政策可能会导致今年年底再集资水平跌至3亿/年，这将使资本收益在消费性支出中的支柱作用荡然无存。利率的提高也将抑制企业利润好转下股票市场的回升。如果投资支出没能复原，整个经济的年增长率将回落至2%～3%。

　　石油价格也是一大风险，这主要是因为布什政府表现出来的攻打伊拉克的坚决态度。战争的可能性可以轻而易举地将油价推回到35—40美元一桶，而且这一持续就会是几个月，结果将是在消费性支出和公司利润头上新加了一大笔税赋。货币紧缩政策与油价急剧攀升的前景暗示着2002年底和2003年初可能是美国经济的一大波动期。

　　Part B

　　1.The extremely magical, magnificent and bright characters in the world, mostly hide in the Taoist Scripture. A Glance over it occasionally will enlarge the outlook. A think of it and writing will change the custom, which no other profound Buddha language in the world can be compared to.

　　2.One opinion in Linguistics is called the time-space theory. It concentrates on the rheology phenomenon of language by studying the time and space difference, because rheology of language appears as a result of the difference on the intensity and nature as time and space extending. It seeks to describe and reveal the basic conception, inherent relation and rheology mechanism of the language in an objective and accurate way, and chase the realistic knowledge about language. It observes the principles and rules of rheology, not to prove that language earries on rheology according to a certain principle and rule, but to have a better understand of the truth of language.

　　3.The most significant affairs influencing the reform of Chinesee economic system in the past few years and the next few years is no more than the accession to the WTO. Espencially in the past two years, almost every reform is trying to meet the needs of WTO, while the pace of reform is obviously accelerated and the depth of reform is getting more and more closely to the most crucial field of planned economy. Therefore, we can say, China's economy system, after the step-by-step reform in more than 20 years, at last begins to march toward the track of market economy with vigorous strides.

　　4.The only task of laboratory work is to help students form preliminary experiment ability. And the best way to achieve this purpose is to let students obtain experience from solving of the simple experiment problems.

　　5.Generally speaking, our publication checks every work following the fixed standard according to the order of its arrival time, then determine to publish or return it and at the same time set a notice to the author. The checking will finish in 2 months after receiving the drafts. The author who does not receive a notice of employing or the letter of returned draft in 3 months after contributing may consider to connect other publications.

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