北京大学2013年考博英语真题

　　Part III: Clone Test (15%)

　　Directions: Read the following passage carefully and decide the best choice for each numbered blank Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　Ironically, the intellectual tools currently being used by the political right to such harmful effect originated on the academic left. In the 1960s and 1970s a philosophical movement called postmodernism developed among humanities professors, [26] being deposed by science, which they regarded as right-leaning. Postmodernism [27] ideas from cultural anthropology and relativity theory to argue that truth is [28] and subject to the assumptions and prejudices of the observer. Science is just one of many ways of knowing, they argued, neither more nor less [29] than

　　others, like those of Aborigines, Native Americans or women. [30] ， they defined science as the way of knowing among Western white men and a tool of cultural [31 ] . This argument [32] with many feminists and civil-rights activists and became widely adopted, leading to the “ political correctness ” justifiably [ 33 ] by Rush Limbaugh and the “Mental Masturbation” lampooned by Woody Allen.

　　Acceptance of this relativistic worldview [34] democracy and leads not to tolerance but to authoritarianism. John Locke, one of Jefferson’s “trinity of three greatest men“，showed [35] almost three centuries ago. Locke watched the arguing factions of Protestantism, each claiming to be the one true religion, and asked: How do we know something to be true? What is the basis of knowledge? In 1689 he [36] what knowledge is and how it is grounded in observations of the physical world in An Essay

　　Concerning Human Understanding. Any claim that fails this test is “but faith, or opinion, but not knowledge”. It was this idea —that the world is knowable and that objective, empirical knowledge is the most [37] basis for public policy —that stood as Jefferson’s foundational argument for democracy.

　　By falsely [38] knowledge with opinion, postmodernists and anti-science conservatives alike collapse our thinking back to a pre-Eniightenment era, leaving no common basis for public policy. Public discourse is [39] to endless warring opinions, none seen as more valid than another. Policy is determined by the loudest voices, reducing us to a world in which might [40] right 一the classic definition of authoritarianism.

　　26. A. satisfied with B. angry with C. displeased at D. proud of

　　27. A. discounted B. doubted C. adopted D. Shared

　　28. A. objective B. subjective C. cultural D. Relative

　　29. A. variable B. Valid C. valuable D. Various

　　30. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Furthermore

　　31. A. assimilation B.inhibition C. representation D. Oppression

　　32. A. resonated B.agreed C. appealed D. Responded

　　33. A. liked B. approved C. verified D. Hated

　　34. A. offsets B. produces C. undermines D. Strengthens

　　35. A. when B. What C. why D. Which

　　36. A. found B. defined C. dictated D. Claimed

　　37. A. practical B.equal C. useful D. Equitable

　　38. A. identifying B. equipping C. equating D. Confusing

　　39. A. deduced B.introduced C. conduced D. Reduced

　　40. A. decides B. causes C. makes D. Creates

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