2024年考博翻译方法：被动语态翻译为汉语的主动形式

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　　In his attitude can be found seeds for art in the 20th century： the art of the primitive， of symbol， and of imagination.

　　在他的态度中可以找到20世纪艺术的种子：充满原始、象征和想象的艺术。

　　It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset： it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans， or with no consideration at all.

　　这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。(真题示范).

　　On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence， but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared， and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

　　总的来说，得出这样的结论是有一定的把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比较的其他孩子的态度相同;他也没有因为缺乏其他孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。(真题示范).

　　In general， the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.

　　总而言之，如果需要测定的人的素质能够精确地界定出来，那些测试就能有效地发挥作用，而如果那些需要测定或预测的素质不能清楚地界定出来，那些测试就没有什么效果。(真题示范).

　　2)被动结构的表语化，将其翻译成“是……的”、“由……的”等。如：

　　The movement to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous Negro leader.

　　这场反对种族歧视的运动是由一位著名的黑人领袖亲自发动和领导的。

　　3)译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。如：

　　For all the help this computer may provide， it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.

　　尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助，它却不应该被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。

　　It should be made clear to entire citizens that whoever enjoys rights must undertake corresponding obligations.

　　应该使全体公民明白，享受权利者必须承担响应的义务。

　　Those who support the“nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.

　　在这场争论中，赞成“天性”一方的人认为，我们的性格特征和行为模式大多数是由生物因素确定的。(真题示范).

　　How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount， reliability， and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

　　这些预测将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实取决于所用信息的数量、可靠程度、适宜程度以及用来解释这些信息的技巧与才智。(真题示范).

　　4)增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。如：

　　With the new technique， measurement was claimed to be much more precise.有了这种技术，人们断言测量的结果精确得多。

　　And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes， and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.

　　许多人认为普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程想比较，他们并认为这些思维过程必须经过某中专门训练才能掌握。(真题示范).

　　During this transfer， traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

　　在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

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